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Tuesday Sep. 14, 2010

World History Mr. P aulson. Tuesday Sep. 14, 2010. Daily Agenda. Spark # 16 Pass back yesterday Notes overview-2 C sheet Map. Spark #16. 1 . Using the timeline on p. 86-87 and 89 answer the following: What happened in 610 c.e ? What happened in 635 c.e .?

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Tuesday Sep. 14, 2010

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  1. World History Mr. Paulson Tuesday Sep. 14, 2010

  2. Daily Agenda • Spark # 16 • Pass back yesterday • Notes overview-2 C sheet • Map

  3. Spark #16 • 1. Using the timeline on p. 86-87 and 89 answer the following: • What happened in 610 c.e? • What happened in 635 c.e.? • Who came to power in 661 ce? In 750 ce? In 1250 ce? • What happened in 852 c.e.? Where? • 2. What are the 5 major beliefs of Islam? • 3. Read the quote on p. 89 • What did the write know by age 16?

  4. Key Objectives: Be on the lookout for these!!! • Main Ideas: • Religion of Islam: Arabian peninsula, early 600s • Muhammad’s successors and expansion • Extensive trade network and big $$$ • Key Terms: Islam, Hijrah, Caliph, Sultan, astrolabe, mosque • Key People: Muhammad, Abu Bakr, IbnSina • Key Places: Arabian Peninsula, Mecca (Makkah), Medinah (Madinah), Damascus, Baghdad

  5. Arabian Peninsula

  6. Kaaba in Mecca

  7. Great Mosque in Samarra

  8. The Arabs • Lived on the Arabian Peninsula • Were “nomads” • Moved to find food and water • Populated desert after domesticating the camel • Made towns on trade routes in desert • Trace ancestors to Abraham and son Ishmael-Mecca and the Kaaba • Recognized Allah and tribal gods

  9. Camels and early trade towns

  10. The Life of Muhammed • Born: Mecca - son in a merchant family • Caravan manager • Received revelations from God (Rammadan) • Quran (Koran) • “Islam” – “peace through submission to the will of Allah” • Those who practice called Muslims • Religious AND political leader • Hijrah-pilgrimage to Medina in 622 c.e.

  11. Muhammad and the Koran

  12. The Teachings of Muhammed • Monotheistic • Emphasize salvation and hope of after-life • Muhammad as: messenger, prophet, man • Stress need to obey Allah • 5 pillars are the key • 1. Prayer 5 x /day 2. Charity 3. Fasting-Ramadan 4. Pilgrimage-Hajj 5. Belief-declaration

  13. Muslim prayer 5 x / Day

  14. Creation of an Arab Empire • Muhammad dies-does not name successor • Father-in-law, Abu Bakr becomes “Caliph”-successor • Expand across Arabia and beyond – • Large army-warriors believed death in battle secured place in paradise-afterlife • Defeated Byzantine army at Yarmuk 636 • Again, no clear successor • P. 91

  15. Expansion

  16. Successors of the Arab Empire • Umayyads • Abbasid Dynasty • The Seljuk Turks • The Mongols

  17. Successors of the Arab Empire • Umayyads • 661 Mu’awiyah (governor of Syria) becomes Caliph • Makes Caliphate hereditary-this is “dynasty” • Moved capital of empire from Medinah to Damascus, Syria • Won victories and expanded in North Africa and Spain • By 725 Spain is muslim • Expansion halted in Tours (France) and Constantinople (Turkey)

  18. Successors of the Arab Empire • The Abbasid Dynasty • 750 Abu al-Abbas – descendant of Muhammad’s uncle • Overthrows Umayyads-sets up Abbasid dynasty • In power until 1258 • Built new capital in Baghdad on Tigris River (on caravan route from Med to Asia • Huge, wealthy trade empire • Asia, Africa, and Europe • Factions-splintering empire-Fatimids in Cairo, Egypt

  19. Successors of the Arab Empire • The Seljuk Turks • Fatimid Dynasty in Cairo, Egypt becomes center of Islamic empire (973a.d.) • Seljuks hired by Fatimids to serve in army • Abbasids weaken, Seljusturks strengthen • 1055ad Turkish leader captures Baghdad • Calls himself- “Sultan”-”holder of power” • Abbasid caliph still in religious power, but Seljuks held real military and political power

  20. Successors of the Arab Empire • The Mongols • Pastoral people- farmers • Gobi desert 13th century • Ghengis Khan-north China spread across Asia • Mongols conquer Persia and Mesopotamia-destroy Baghdad in 1258 • Eventually converted to Islam • Splintering again-empire fades • Cairo, Egypt center of Islamic civilization

  21. Economy and Social Structure • Various rulers but always lots of trade • Crossroads between Europe, Africa, and Asia (the East) • Chnia, Byzantines, North African Kingdoms, India, Southeast Asia • Ship, camel caravans • Slaves, gold, ivory from Africa, Silk from China, Spices from Southeast Asia • Baghdad, Cairo

  22. The Brilliance of Islamic Culture • Philosophy and Science • Greek philosophers translated into Arabic • Plato and Socrates • Long before Europe catches on • Helped by invention of paper – China- 8th century • Ibn-Rushd-commentaries on Plato • Mathematics, Natural Sciences, numerical system of India-use of “0” • Astronomy-Baghdad observatory • Knew earth was round, named many stars • Perfected astrolabe-navigational instrument • Enabled sailors to determine location based on stars and planets-Euros to America!!!

  23. The Brilliance of Islamic Culture • Art and Architecture • Art is blend of Arab, Turkish, and Persian styles • Best art found in Mosques • Mosque of Samarra -848-852 in Baghdad covers 10 acres • Minaret-tower, crier calls muslims to prayer

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