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Renaissance and Reformation

Renaissance and Reformation. 1300-1650. What is going on in Europe?. Life was good: 300-400 years of good times Strong church, strong kings, growing trade, growing cities, no natural catastrophes, weather nice, growing industries, population growth After 1300 things began to change…

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Renaissance and Reformation

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  1. Renaissance and Reformation 1300-1650

  2. What is going on in Europe? • Life was good: • 300-400 years of good times • Strong church, strong kings, growing trade, growing cities, no natural catastrophes, weather nice, growing industries, population growth • After 1300 things began to change… • Environment changes, increasing warfare, famine, the Black Death, changes in power, and the Great Schism

  3. Environmental Changes:The Little Ice Age • What happened during the “Little Ice Age”? • Colder, wetter • Rain kills seedlings • Population is too big • 1315-1317 bad harvest years. They were already having trouble feeding the continent, this made it even worse.

  4. Increasing Warfare: • Change in relationships: • People were looking towards kings as opposed to local lords for allegiance • They started to develop a national identity • This gave kings sovereignty – or authority

  5. Hundred Years’ War • Who: France vs. England • When: 1337-1453 • Why: Fighting over land • King Edward III (England) tried to take the French throne • How: • For the first half, it looked like England would win • French became inspired by Joan of Arc and pushed the English back

  6. Hundred Years’ War Cont.(1337-1453) • Joan of Arc: • Inspired French troops after claiming she had a vision from God • She was captured by the English and burned at the stake for heresy • What effect do you think this had on French troops? • 1453—drove the English back to Calais • Historical Significance: This loss delegitimized the English monarchy • What does that mean?

  7. War of the Roses(1455-1485) • Also called the “Cousins War” • When: 1455-1485 • Who: Lancaster vs. York • Branches of the House of Plantagenet • Henry Tudor won (York) • What: Brutal civil war • Why: After losing to the French, the English lost legitimacy… someone had to prove that they should be king

  8. War of the Roses(1455-1485) • Historical Significance: • Henry Tudor limited the power of the nobility • Increased importance of the merchant class • Two most well known monarchs in English history • King Henry VIII • Queen Elizabeth I

  9. King Henry VII • -6 Wives: Divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived • -Established the Church of England (Anglican Church) • -Broke ties with the Pope and Rome (Catholic Church) • -Before all of this he was named “Defender of the Faith” • -Extremely concerned with providing his family with a male heir… a lot of this had to do with the fact that his family was not that well established on the throne • -First wife was first married to his brother… but he died before their marriage was consummated– Henry VIII contested this when he asked for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon

  10. Queen Elizabeth I • -Daughter of Anne Bolyen… Henry VIII’s second wife • -Last of the Tudor line, her throne was inherited by her nephew James Stewart • -”Elizabethan Age” • -patron of the arts, literature, expansion, and extremely proud • -she never married although it is claimed that she had affairs with Thomas Seymour (brother to Jane Seymour, her father’s third wife) and Lord Robert Dudley whom she had a close friendship with for over 30 years until his death’ • -She was rivals with her cousin Mary Queen of Scots whom she later had imprisoned and executed • -Was an exceptional leader during a time of extreme political and religious unrest

  11. FamineThere’s Not Enough Food! • Population is TOO BIG!! • No fertilizers • Farming all of the land • Land loses fertility (no crop cycling)

  12. The “Black Death” • Bubonic Plague • Thought to be caused by sin, evil vapors (miasma) • 1/3 of Europeans die 1347-1351 • Outbreaks would occur for the next 500 years

  13. Changes in Power • England and France are the first two to develop powerful monarchies • Holy Roman Empire losing power • Giving control to German princes in exchange for military support • 1438—Habsburg family creates the most powerful dynasty in Europe

  14. Great Schism • The authority of the church falls through the 1300s • What does that mean? • Changes • French King (Philip VI) decides to tax the clergy (who?) • Clement V selected as pope… he’s an advisor to the French King (Philip VI) • Papacy moved from Rome to Avignon in 1309 for 70 years • Gregory XI returned the papacy to Rome Then things get crazy!!

  15. The Great Schism • Both France and Italy select popes • Effects: • Increased criticism of the church (they didn’t find a solution to the Black Plague, they can’t decide which Pope is the “right” one) • New ideas began to emerge about religion • By mid-1400s church lost a lot of political power • People began to associate more with their country than with their religion

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