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Merumuskan masalah Bentuk pertanyaan Memiliki 2 variabel : bebas dan terikat

Merumuskan masalah Bentuk pertanyaan Memiliki 2 variabel : bebas dan terikat Bersifat eksplisit , singkat , dan jelas Making hypothesys H₀ H₁ Collecting data Berdasarkan pengamatan : Data kualitatif Data kuantitatif Berdasarkan sumber : Data primer Data sekunder.

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Merumuskan masalah Bentuk pertanyaan Memiliki 2 variabel : bebas dan terikat

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  1. Merumuskan masalah • Bentukpertanyaan • Memiliki 2 variabel : bebasdanterikat • Bersifateksplisit, singkat, danjelas • Making hypothesys • H₀ • H₁ • Collecting data • Berdasarkanpengamatan: • Data kualitatif • Data kuantitatif • Berdasarkansumber: • Data primer • Data sekunder

  2. Mengolah data • Mean • Modus • Median • Making an observatory report • Pendahuluan • Tinjauanpustaka • Making hypothesys (if it needed) • Observatory method • Result and pembahasan • Conclusion and suggestion • Bibliography • Lampiran

  3. Yang diperlukanuntukmelakukanpercobaan: • Tempatpenelitian • Alatdanbahan yang digunakan • Metodekerja • Unit percobaan • Perlakuan • Variabel • Ulangan • Pengamatan • Metodeobservasi • Denganvariabelbebas • Tanpavariabelbebas

  4. KlasifikasiMakhlukHidup • Pencetus John Ray (1627-1708) • Disempurnakanolehcarl van linnebiasadsebutcaroluslinnaeus (1707-1708) • SistemklasifikasipertamadibuatolehAristoteles (384-322 SM) denganmengelompokanhewanberdasarkancarareproduksidantidakadanyaseldarahmerah. • MuridAristoteles Theophrastus mengelompokantumbuhanberdasarkankegunaandancarareproduksi.

  5. Destination Of Classification • Classify human being based on the similarity of their own characters • Describe the morfology and fisiology of human being to determine it • Know the relative relation among human being • Name the human being than hasn’t named

  6. Kind Of Classification Systems • Artifisial system Compiled by human desire ex. Aristoteles classifies plantae and animalia, caroluslinnaeus classifies plan by its own reproduction. • Nature system by Michael Adams and Jean BaptisteD’Lamark base on morfology. • Fillogenetik system by Charlis Darwin after evolution teory in 1589 based on the similarity of fenotipe pointed to the characters shape of body, faal, manner, gen inheritation since aristocrate era.

  7. Classification Proccess • Pencandraan (identification) Mencandraataumengidentifikasimenggunakanalatpembanding called kunci identification. Tiaplangkahdisebutkuplet Kupletterdiridari 2 bait yang disebutkuncidikotomis • Pengelompokandalamtakson • Pemberiannamatakson

  8. Tingkatantaksondalamklasifikasisistemtelahdistandarisasiolehseluruhduniaberdasarkan International code of Botanical Nomenclature dan International Committee of Zoological. • Kingdom oleh Robert Whittaker in 1969 terbagimenjadi lima: Monera, Protozoa, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia. SekarangmonerasudahterbagiduayaituArchaebacteriadanEubacteriaberdasarkanjenisProkariota. • Filum/divisi (Big Family) filum (hewan) divisi (tumbuhan) ended in –phyta/ -mycota. Ex. Spermatophyta, basidiomycota. • Kelas ex. Spermatophyta: monocotyledoneae/dicotyledoneae hewan:Mamalia, Aves, Reptilia, dll. • Ordo (bangsa) ended in –ales for plant. Ex. Malvales, roales, graminales/poales

  9. Famili (suku/keluarga) ended in-idea for animal ex. Canidae, felidae, bovidae ended in –aceae for plant ex. Malvaceae (cotton family) dansolaceae (poteto family). • Genus (marga) Ex. Felix (margakucing/macan) • Species Dimanaorganismedapatmelakukanfertil. Penulisan ex. Mangiferaindica yang pertamamenunjukkan genus dankeduapenunjukjenis, 1 dan 2 adalahnama spesies. Ex. Hibiscus rosa-sinesis, namasubspesiesanakjenisFelismaniculatadomestica, Zeamays L.

  10. Persamaancirisemakinsedikit Jumlahanggotamakinsedikit

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