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Carbon Compounds

Carbon Compounds Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bounds between carbon atoms. Why study carbon? It has 4 valence electrons; each electron can join with an electron from another atom to form a strong covalent bond Carbon can bond with many elements

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Carbon Compounds

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  1. Carbon Compounds • Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bounds between carbon atoms. • Why study carbon? • It has 4 valence electrons; each electron can join with an electron from another atom to form a strong covalent bond • Carbon can bond with many elements • Carbon can bound to other carbon atoms thus forming chains unlimited in length/also form rings-p.44 • Has the ability to form millions of different large and complex structures

  2. Carbon Compounds 4 groups of organic compounds found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Carbohydrates Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1 Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes.

  3. Types of Carbohydrates 1. Monosaccharide – simplest Examples: glucose, galactose (in milk) fructose (in fruit) C6H12O6 2. Disaccharide – two monosaccharides linked together Example: sucrose (glucose +fructose sucrose (table sugar) 3. Polysaccharide – largest Example: starch, cellulose, and glycogen

  4. Types of Carbohydrates • 3. Polysaccharide – largest • Example: starch, cellulose, and glycogen • Uses: • Starch (plant) is used as food storage by plants. • Glycogen (animal starch) is used as food storage by animals. When the level of glucose in your blood runs low, glycogen is released from your liver • Cellulose forms the cell walls of plants giving them their strength and rigidity

  5. Lipids • Organic compounds that have a large proportion of carbon and hydrogen atoms and less oxygen than carbohydrates • Example: C57H110O6 • Common categories of lipids are fats, oils (olive, corn, sesame, peanut), waxes, and steroids • Characteristics: • Not soluble in water • Used to store energy • Major component of membranes that surround living cells

  6. Nucleic Acids • Consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms. They are arranged in three groups: a base, a simple sugar, and a phosphate group. • Nucleotides consist of three parts: a 5 Carbon sugar, a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base • Examples: • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • -determines how an organism looksa nd acts • -contains the sugar ribose

  7. Nucleic Acids • Examples: • RNA (ribonucleic acid) • -forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis • -contains the sugar ribose

  8. Proteins • Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen • Characteristics: • The basic building blocks of proteins are amino acids • Control therate of reactions (enzymes) • Regulate cell processes • Transports substances into or out of cells

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