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Carbon Compounds. 6.3 Pages 157-163. Carbon Compounds. What does it mean to be organic? Organic compounds- compounds containing CARBON Carbon >contains 4 valence e - > can form 4 covalent bonds with itself or other elements .
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Carbon Compounds 6.3 Pages 157-163
Carbon Compounds What does it mean to be organic? Organic compounds- compounds containing CARBON Carbon >contains 4 valence e- > can form 4 covalent bonds with itself or other elements
Large carbon compounds (analogy= necklace) • Monomers are simple carbon molecules. Ex. Link in necklace • Polymers are molecules made of many monomers. (monomer + monomer = polymer) Ex. Whole necklace • Macromolecules are made of many polymers (polymer + polymer = macromolecule) Ex. Multi chain necklace
How do Monomers link to form Polymers??? …through condensation reactions (called dehydration synthesis) Dehydration synthesis- chemical reaction in which one monomer donates a hydroxyl (OH-) and the other monomer donates a hydrogen (H) forming water (H2O)
Hydrolysis – reverse process of dehydrations synthesis or a condensation reaction. (Breakdown of complex mol.)
Complete this Dehydration Synthesis Reaction + Answer: • (you draw the new molecule & give name)
Do Now • What is the element found in all organic compounds? • Carbon • What is the process called that links two monomers together to form a polymer? • Dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction • What is removed during the above process? • Water
Organic Compounds • There are 4 main classes of organic compounds which are essential to the life processes of all living things. • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids
I. Carbohydrates • Elements: C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio (double hydrogen) • Main fuel provider and energy source of living things, used for structures in cells • Exists in 2 forms: (ring formation common) • Monosaccharides –monomer of carbs like sugars • Polysaccharides- polymer of carbs
Polymer made of 3 or more monosaccharides Ex. 1. Glycogen(animal starch) Excess sugar (glycogen) is released from liver when your blood sugar runs low 2. Cellulose(in plants) Tough, flexible (found in cell wall) gives plants rigidity & strength. Polysaccharides
II. Proteins • Elements: C, H, O, N • For building bones and muscles, as well as cell membranes and enzymes • Monomer = Amino Acids (20 kinds) • Foods- Fish, poultry, soy, beans
Proteins • Proteins are made of monomers of amino acids • Dipeptides – 2 Amino Acids • Polypeptides- chain of Amino Acids • Enzymes = polypeptides
III. Lipids • Elements: C, H (in high ratio) & O • NOT water soluble (do NOT dissolve in water) • Monomer = 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids • Used to store energy. Important part in biological membranes and waterproof covering • Ex. Fats, oils, waxes • Fatty acids • Complex Lipids
Fatty acids – unbranched fatty acid chain makes up most lipids Saturated fatty acids have each C always bonded to four other atoms. Max # of Hydrogen atoms Unsaturated fatty acids have double/triple bonds between carbons. Fatty Acids
Monomer = Nucleotide made of 3 components 1. phosphate group 2. 5-carbon sugar 3. Nitrogen base Store important information for the cell Ex. DNA cellular information RNA stores/transfers information to make proteins IV. Nucleic Acids