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Tuesday 12/7/10

Tuesday 12/7/10. Warm-up: What is the tone of the cartoon and what is the cartoonist’s opinion on unification? Mrs. P has tonsillitis…I need a Volunteer to read notes today! -Wednesday 12/8: Half Day-Pds. 5-6-4-7

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Tuesday 12/7/10

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  1. Tuesday 12/7/10 Warm-up: What is the tone of the cartoon and what is the cartoonist’s opinion on unification? Mrs. P has tonsillitis…I need a Volunteer to read notes today! -Wednesday 12/8: Half Day-Pds. 5-6-4-7 -Thursday 12/9: Quiz on Nationalism NOTES and the vocabulary!!! So pay attention! Notes will be posted online!

  2. What did the Russians do? • In1853, to go to war…Czar Nicholas I wanted to expand empire…threatens Ottoman Turk Empire-Crimean War • Lack of industry….causes LOSS! • Nicholas’ son…Alexander II…moves Russia out of old age and modernizes

  3. Alexander’s Reforms • 1861 free serfs …but…still tied to land that was split up and “given” (49 yrs. To pay debt) to peasant communities • Alexander II ASSASSINATED! 1881 • Alexander III • Nationalistic competition led drive for industrialization

  4. Types of Nationalistic Movements

  5. AUSTRIA • Empire made of- • Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Serbs, Poles and Italians • 1866-Prussia defeats Austria in Austro-Prussian War • Prussian win control of newly formed North German Confederation (union of Prussia & 21 smaller German political units)! • Hungarians push- Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria splits empire in two-Austro-Hungary Empire…hangs out until AFTER WWI

  6. Back to RUSSIA!!! • Made of many ethnic groups-Jews, Latvians, Poles & Romanians to name a few • Romanov MUST keep Control!!! • New policy…Russification-forced Russian culture on ALL peeps! • After WWI…Russian czar gives up power 1917.

  7. What about those Ottomans? • Controlled-Greeks, Arabs, Bulgarians… • 1856-Brits and French pushed for equality in Otts’ Empire • Conservative Turks angered…killed some deported Armenians (1894-1896) • Broke up after WWI too!

  8. Italy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Italy forms from crumbs! 1815-1848 • Piedmont-Sardinia: largest, liberal constitutional state • 1852- Sardinia King, Victor Emmanuel II • Count Camillo di CAVOUR-Prime Minister

  9. CAVOUR • Skilled diplomat, used alliance • Wanted to expand P-S power • Roadblock was AUSTRIA! • 1858-Nap. III helped Cavour win provoked! War w/ Austria-gained North Italy….except Venetia

  10. Garibaldi Unites! • Leader of Southern Nationalist rebels-Red Shirts!!! • 1860-captured Sicily • Allowed all of Italy to unite under Emmanuel • 1866-Venetia joins Italy • 1870-Papal states joined Italy-Pope still owned Vatican City-Rome became capital

  11. Germany Unites!!! • 1815-Autrian Empire dominates the confederation • Prussia-ready to UNIFY all German states • Advantages- • mainly German population • nationalism unified it • most powerful army in central Europe • Has liberal constitution

  12. Otto Von Bismarck!!! • 1861-Wilhelm I wanted $ from bigger army…liberals refused…Wilhelm didn’t like not having authority…so picks a JUNKER (Prussian conservatives, wealthy land-owners) • 1862-Otto Von Bismarck is made Prime Minister • O.V.B.-a Realpolitik: tough power politics…no room for idealism

  13. Otto Von Bismarck • Rule without parliament’s approval…king okayed it • VIOLATED the constitution! • Told Prussian Parliament… “ It is not by means of speeches and majority resolutions that the great issues of the day will be decided- that was the great mistake of 1848-1849- but by blood and iron.”

  14. Prussia 1864-Gains Power! • Bismarck formed alliance with Austria • War with Denmark over border provinces- Schleswig and Holstein! • VICTORY! Prussian Pride…other little German states okay with Prussia leading the way! • Prussia takes Schleswig-Austria takes Holstein

  15. Backstabber!!!! • After partnering with Austria against Denmark…..Bismarck fusses about border conflicts in Schleswig and Holstein! • 1866 Austria declares WAR!!!!! on Prussia (just what Bismarck wanted) • Why?

  16. Seven Week’s War! • Prussians WIN!!! (good training and equipment) • Humiliated Austria • LOST… • Venetia to Italy • Northern Germany to Prussia • By 1867- Prussia dominated North German Confederation!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  17. Franco-Prussian War • Pre-War • 1867-few southern German states still independent • German south was Catholic! • Prussia was Protestant! • STOP---FLASHBACK! Why is this a problem? Where did Protestantism come from? • Here he goes AGAIN-Bismarck thinks outside pressures would force south to join Prussia!

  18. Creative Cat!!! • Bismarck created impression that French ambassador insulted Prussian King!!!! • French get mad at the deception and declare WAR…1870!

  19. So what happens…… • Prussians flood northern France! • Take 83,000 prisoners including…Napoleon III !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Parisians stood strong until hunger forced them to surrender!

  20. Nationalism….YEAH Germany!!! • Everyone is excited for unification….even the southerners…so they join! • 1871- in Palace of Versailles (French), King Wilhelm I of Prussia is crowned Kaiser….or emperor!

  21. Overall Outcome!!!! • 1815 Congress of Vienna est. • Major powers- • Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia • 1871- Major powers- • Britain and Germany • Austria and Russia FAR BEHIND • France in the middle

  22. Types of Nationalistic Movements

  23. Types of Nationalistic Movements

  24. For your quiz: • Study Notes and vocabulary words/people from Monday’s assignment

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