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Contemporary Adolescence

Contemporary Adolescence. Chapter 15 Substance Abuse, Addiction, and Dependency. Sequence of substance use. Drinking beer and wine Smoking cigarettes and drinking hard liquor Smoking marijuana Using “hard” drugs. Patterns and intensity of drug use. Experimental Social-recreational

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Contemporary Adolescence

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  1. Contemporary Adolescence Chapter 15 Substance Abuse, Addiction, and Dependency

  2. Sequence of substance use • Drinking beer and wine • Smoking cigarettes and drinking hard liquor • Smoking marijuana • Using “hard” drugs

  3. Patterns and intensity of drug use • Experimental • Social-recreational • Circumstantial-situational • Intensified drug use • Compulsive drug use

  4. Types of drugs • Narcotics • Morphine, heroin, codeine • Most physically addictive • Withdrawal symptoms: • Running eyes/nose, yawning, sweating, pupils dilated, goose bumps; cramps, muscle spasms, vomiting, diarrhea • Methadone

  5. Types of drugs • Stimulants • Increase amount of norepinephrine and/or dopamine • Cocaine • Crack is made from cocaine and is one of the most addictive drugs • Amphetamines—ritalin • Meth • Increases dopamine and damages the production of dopamine and serotonin

  6. Types of drugs • Depressants • Barbiturates • Users become sluggish, emotionally erratic • Withdrawal is severe in 24 hours • Inhalants: solvents, gasses, nitrites • Date-rape drugs

  7. Types of drugs • Hallucinogens • Marijuana • Most widely used illegal substance • Affects hippocampus and thus effects memory and learning • May impair reproductive functioning; reduces testosterone • LSD • Long lasting, slow acting • Flashbacks • Most addicting of hallucinogens

  8. Reasons for first drug use • Curiosity • Rebellion • Fun/recreation • Social pressure • Relieve stress • Self-awareness

  9. Factors contributing to drug use • Family • Peer influence

  10. Prevention • Enhance protective factors • Decrease risk factors • Address all forms of substance abuse • Focus on local community • Targeted to needs of audience • Positive effect on parenting issues • Begin early • Social skills • Increase academic success • Long-term • Teacher training component • Use interactive techniques

  11. Treatment • 12-step program • Behavioral therapy • Counseling, medical care, psychiatric treatment • Family therapy • Community Treatment

  12. Smoking: reasons for continuing • Relief of tension • Development of a habit • Sociability and pleasure • Social coping • Physical addiction

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