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Contemporary Adolescence

Contemporary Adolescence. Adolescent Alienation. Two types of problems. Internalizing problems Over-controlled: families that exercise tight psychological control Often experience distress Externalizing problems Under-controlled: families where parental monitoring and control is lacking

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Contemporary Adolescence

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  1. Contemporary Adolescence Adolescent Alienation

  2. Two types of problems • Internalizing problems • Over-controlled: families that exercise tight psychological control • Often experience distress • Externalizing problems • Under-controlled: families where parental monitoring and control is lacking • Often do not experience distress

  3. Internalizing problems: Depression • Major depressive disorder: • Depressed or irritable mood for most of the day, nearly every day • Reduced interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities • Significant weight loss or gain; decrease in appetite • Insomnia or oversleeping • Psychomotor agitation or retardation • Low energy or fatigue • Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt • Diminished ability to think or concentrate • Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

  4. Internalizing problems: Depression Adolescents have higher rates of depressed mood than adults or children Episodes of depressed mood before adolescence are relatively rare Rates of depressed mood rise steeply from age 10 to about 15-17, then decline

  5. Internalizing problems: Depression • Treatments: • Medication • Psychotherapy • Different models of therapy • Self-acceptance • Self-esteem

  6. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for adolescents • Yes • No

  7. Internalizing problems: Suicide • Suicide attempts are usually preceded by symptoms of depression • But usually happen when symptoms are going away • Risk factors: • Family problems • Relationship problems • External factors: school

  8. Internalizing problems: Suicide • Three groups: • Experiencing years of problems with family, peers and teachers • Struggle with mental illness such as depression or bipolar • Previously functioning well, but experience an acute crisis

  9. Externalizing problems: Risky Driving • Inexperience is one contributing factor to accidents • Risk taking is also a major factor • Solutions: • Parental involvement and monitoring • Drivers ed vs. Graduated driver licensing

  10. Externalizing problems:Delinquency • Three kinds of criminal acts: • Status offenses: violations of the law because they are committed by juveniles • Index crimes: serious crimes • Property crimes: robbery, theft, arson • Violent crimes: rape, assault, murder • Nonindex crimes: less serious offenses like illegal gambling and disorderly conduct

  11. Externalizing problems:Delinquency • Two types of delinquency • Life-course persistent delinquents: show a pattern of problems from birth onward • Adolescence-limited delinquents: no problems in infancy, childhood, or adulthood

  12. Externalizing problems:Delinquency • Interventions: • Individual therapy • Group therapy • Vocational training • “Outward Bound” programs • Scared Straight

  13. Externalizing problems:Delinquency • Problems with interventions: • Delinquents rarely welcome the opportunity to participate in them • Programs take place in adolescence, after a pattern has already developed • Programs that do work: • Multisystemic approach

  14. Externalizing problems:Running away • Two types of runaways • Intent runaways: those that intend to leave for a long time • Transient runaways: those that intend to be gone for a limited amount of time

  15. Gangs • Why adolescents join gangs • Low self-esteem • Poor relationships with parents • Unresolved ethnic identities

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