Industrialization and Imperialism

1. Industrialization and Imperialism

2. What advantages and disadvantages did both production systems offer? Industrial Revolution Domestic System: Production of goods from within the home, made by hand using individual tools Factory System: Mass production of finished goods in factories, made by workers using large machines

3. Did You Know… The first mass produced automobile was the Ford Model T, which sold for just $295! Industrial Revolution Mass Production: Large scale production of identical goods for consumers

4. Industrial Revolution Great Britain: Industrial Revolution began here because of… Large working class population New innovative technologies Large amount of capital to invest Natural Resources like coal and iron

5. Changes in Textile Production: Industrial Revolution Spinning Jenny: James Hargreaves Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney Flying Shuttle: John Kay

6. Did You Know… In 1750 over 80% of Europeans lived in rural areas. By 1900 over 80% would live in urban areas! Industrial Revolution Urbanization: The migration of people from rural areas to urban societies, usually in search of employment. The pollution that resulted from the factories and industrialization created environmental hazards and unsafe living conditions. Some authors, like Charles Dickens, addressed these concerns in their literature.

7. Did You Know… In the 1840’s many children worked in factories and mines for nearly 80 hours per week! Industrial Revolution Labor Unions: Organizations of workers who sought to improve working conditions. Worker organizations were a cultural impact of the Industrial Revolution. They helped create a solid middle class and guarantee some standards of living, including limits on child labor.

8. What do you think? Is imperialism a bad thing, or good thing, or is it possible it could be both? Imperialism Imperialism: The policy of extending sovereignty (rule) over territories abroad—powerful states with political or economic control over weaker peoples The driving force behind European imperialism in the 19th century was the pursuit of natural resources around the world used to fuel industrialization.

9. Did You Know…. By the turn of the 20th century, England was the largest imperial power in the world, inspiring the quote, “The sun never sets on the British Empire”. Imperialism • Europeansbuilt up the infrastructure of their colonies for more efficient gathering of resources. • Imperialism would often lead to cultural diffusion in the form of languages, education, clothing, and customs.

10. What new forms of transportation emerged in the 19th century that would help imperial powers transport their goods and resources? Imperialism • The new transportation that resulted from industrialization helped promote European imperialism. • The Suez Canal was built in Egypt in 1869. It allowed ships to sail from the Mediterranean to Asia without going around Africa. Who did this benefit?

11. Did You Know… Of all the African nations that resisted European control, only Ethiopia managed to defeat their European counterpart and maintain independence. Imperialism • The Dash for Africa: • In the 1880’s, Europeans divided Africa up politically and staked their claim over the continent. Most industrialized European countries participated. What important voice do you think was NOT present?

12. Did You Know… At one point, it is estimated that nearly 5% of the Chinese population was addicted to opium being provided by the British? Imperialism • The Opium Wars: • China resisted British opium trade in their country and the two countries fought over the issue. England won, and gained valuable ports (like Hong Kong) and Extraterritoriality (Foreign citizens subject to their home laws).

13. Did You Know… Because the cartridges used in British rifles contained tallow (cow fat), Sepoys refused to use the guns, which led to the mutiny against the British! Imperialism • India • * Sepoy Mutiny – Sepoys were Indian soldiers that served Britain, but revolted against British authority during imperialism. • * Sikhs (Muslim/Hindu religion) aided the British • China • Boxer Rebellion – Chinese workers (boxers) rose up against British imperial control, but were defeated. What do the Sepoy Mutiny and the Boxer Rebellion have in common?

14. Did You Know… Rudyard Kipling’s poem, “The White Man’s Burden” was written as a critique of Social Darwinism. Imperialism • Social Darwinism: • The social evolutionary theory that stated that any society which failed to grow and advance would ultimately be wiped out or controlled. Europeans used this theory to justify imperial control over their colonies and the native people in foreign lands.

15. Did You Know… Karl Marx, the author of “The Communist Manifesto”, predicted that workers would one day rise up and overthrow the factory owners and upper class. Economics • The long term social impact of the Industrial Revolution was the rise of the middle class. • New economic theories would arise in response to the changing social conditions that resulted from industrialization.

16. Did You Know… “Laissez-Faire” literally means “to allow without interference” in French. Economics • Adam Smith wrote “Wealth of Nations”, which stated that governments should not interfere with the economy. He advocated for “laissez-faire” economics and free market capitalism. What is your interpretation of the quote above?