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Respiratory System Physiology

Respiratory System Physiology. Respiratory Physiology. All tissues receive adequate Oxygen supply Prompt removal of Carbon Dioxide Efficient regulation of gas exchange Acid – Base balance Water balance. What is Breathing?. Pulmonary Ventilation – “Breathing”

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Respiratory System Physiology

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  1. Respiratory System Physiology

  2. Respiratory Physiology • All tissues receive adequate Oxygen supply • Prompt removal of Carbon Dioxide • Efficient regulation of gas exchange • Acid – Base balance • Water balance

  3. What is Breathing? • PulmonaryVentilation – “Breathing” • Inspiration – movement of air into the system • Expiration – movement of air out of the system • “Air” moves from an area of high concentration of molecules (high pressure) to an area of low concentration of molecules (low pressure) • Pressure is the normal force per unit area exerted on a surface in a fluid or a gas

  4. BREATHINGMECHANISM

  5. Therefore…….. • When the atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure in the lungs (alveoli), then air flows into lungs (down the pressure gradient) – this is inspiration • When the pressure in the lungs (alveoli) is greater then the pressure in the atmosphere, then air flows out of the lungs (down the pressure gradient) – this is expiration

  6. Breathing • Body changes the size of thoracic cavity by contraction and relaxation of respiratory muscles. • Diaphragm • Intercostals

  7. Gas Laws: Boyle’s Law • Boyle’s Law is changing in volume • Gas’s volume (V) is inversely proportional to its pressure (P) P1V1 = P2V2 (Assuming Constant Temperature) • When volume of a container increase, then pressure in the container decreases, air flows into the container.

  8. Boyle’s Law • Boyle's Law Explanation

  9. Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles - increases thoracic volume, air flows into lungs (inspiration, p. 712) • Relaxation of diaphragm and intercostal muscles decreases thoracic volume, air flow out of lungs (expiration, p. 713)

  10. Gas Laws: Charles Law • Charles Law – changes in temperature. • Gas’s volume (V) is directly proportional to temperature (T) when pressure is constant. • As volume increases, temperature increases

  11. NON RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS Coughing, sneezing, laughing, crying Hiccup - spasm of the diaphragm Yawn - possibly causes by low oxygen levels

  12. Respiratory Air Volumes • Spirometer • measures the amount (volume) of air moving in and out of the lungs • Respiratory Cycle:1 inspiration and 1 expiration

  13. Tidal Volume (TV)  • amount of air that enters the lungs during one cycle • *take a normal breath • Reserve volumes (RV) • air that can be forced out or in • *inhale normally, pause, and try to inhale more - that is your reserve inspiratory volume • *exhale, then exhale a little more

  14. Vocabulary • ExpiratoryReserveVolume (ERV) – volume of air one can forcibly expire after expiring tidal air • InspiratoryReserveVolume (IRV) – volume of air one can forcibly inspire above normal inspiration

  15. More Vocabulary • Residualvolume – the amount of air that cannot be forcibly expired. Some air is trapped in alveoli and not removed • VitalCapacity is the sum of IRV + TV + ERV. It is the largest volume of air one can move in and out of the lungs. • Inspiratorycapacity (IC) – maximal amount of air one can inspire after a normal expiration (TV + IRV)

  16. OMG Even More Vocabulary • FunctionalResidualCapacity (FRC) – Amount of air left in the lungs at the end of normal expiration • AlveolarVentilation – Volume of air that reaches the alveoli due to inspiration. • AnatomicalDeadSpace – area of the respiratory system that fills with air, but gas exchange does not take place (such as bronchioles, trachea)

  17. Gas Law: Dalton’s Law • The pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components of the gas mixture • Air is not one molecule but a mixture of several each at different concentrations. • Remember from Chemistry: Concentration is the amount of solute in a given amount of solution

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