The Congress of Vienna Convenes

1. The Congress of Vienna Convenes Chapter 23 Section 5

2. I Metternich Restores Stability • European heads of gov’t tried to establish long lasting peace and stability after defeating Napoleon • Goal was to create a new European Orderseries of meetings called Congress of Vienna • Congress of Vienna called to set up policies to achieve this goal

3. Foreign minister of Austria, Prince Matternich, most influential • Distrusted democratic ideals of French rev. • Maintained that Napoleon's expansionist dictatorship was nat. outcome of Dem. Experiments • Matternich had 3 goals at the Congress of Vienna • Prevent future French aggression by surrounding France w/ strong nations • Restore balance of power so no country would be threat to another • Restore Europe’s royal fams to thrones they held before Napoleon’s wars

4. A. Containment of France • Made countries surrounding France stronger • Austrian Netherland & Dutch Republic united to form the Kingdom of the Netherlands • Switzerland recognized as independent nation • Kingdom of Sardinia strengthened by adding Genoa • Allowed countries of Europe to contain France & prevent them from overpowering other nations

5. B. Balance of Power • Wanted to weaken France but not go so far as to provoke France to take revenge • If they break up France another power might become more powerful and threaten them all • Required to give up all terr. Napoleon took but French border remained the same as before

6. C. legitimacy • Great powers affirmed the principle of legitimacy • Agreeing as many as possible of the rulers whom napoleon had driven from their thrones should be restored to power • France: King Louis XVII adopts a constitution and rules as a constitutional monarch • Belief was that restoring former monarchs would stabilize pol. Relations among the nations • Congress of Vienna was a SUCCESS because it did not leave any countries holding grudged and thus, did not sow seeds for future wars

7. II Political Changes Beyond ViennaA. Conservative Europe • Congress of Vienna victory for conservatives as kings were restored to power • Rulers of Europe were afraid of the French Rev. legacy and the ideals of liberty, equality, & fraternity • Holy Alliance= Russia, Austria, & Prussia • Concert of Europe= series of alliances created by Metternich stating that nations would help each other if a rev broke out

8. Across Europe conservatives held firm control of gov’ts but could not control rev. ideals • France deeply pol. Divided as many lower class ppl were committed to ideals of liberty, equality, & fraternity • Although the French Rev. failed it set new political ideas in motionmajor pol divisions of early 1800s

9. B. Revolution in Latin America • Actions in Congress of Vienna has consequences beyond Europe • Clashes among conservatives, liberals, and radicals erupted in Spanish colonies • Royalist peninsularies wanted to restore their power while liberal creoles wanted to retain their power • Liberal revolt in SpainSpanish king tightening control in American coloniesMexicans rose in revolt and successfully gained indep. From Spain • A similar revolt in Portugal allowed Brazilians to declare independence as well

10. B. Long-Term Legacy • Congress of Vienna continent wide effort to establish and maintain peace caused nationalistic feelings to rise in countries were foreign rule was placed • Nationalistic feelings would erupt in Revolution • French Rev forever changed ideas about power and authority