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The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation. The state of Europe. Powerful/wealthy Catholic Church Renaissance Humanism Rise of Nations and Nationalism. Catholic Church in the 15 th Century. Defined by extravagance . Pope Leo X. Needed $$$ for St. Peter’s Bascilica

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The Protestant Reformation

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  1. The Protestant Reformation

  2. The state of Europe • Powerful/wealthy Catholic Church • Renaissance • Humanism • Rise of Nations and Nationalism

  3. Catholic Church in the 15th Century • Defined by extravagance

  4. Pope Leo X • Needed $$$ for St. Peter’s Bascilica • Approves the sale of indulgences (buying your way into purgatory/heaven) • Money for building project

  5. Martin Luther - 1517 95 Theses • Criticized practices of the Church • (Including sale of indulgences) Edict of Worms • Holy Roman Emperor condemned Luther and his writings

  6. 95 Theses

  7. 1. When Jesus said "repent" he meant that believers should live a whole life repenting 2. Only God can give salvation - not a priest. 3. Inwards penitence must be accompanied with a suitable change in lifestyle. 4. Sin will always remain until we enter Heaven. 5. The pope must act according to canon law. 6. Only God can forgive -the pope can only reassure people that God will do this. 7. A sinner must be humbled in front of his priest before God can forgive him.

  8. Effects of Martin Luther • Printing Press = 95 Theses available to many people • 1530 – Lutheranism an official branch of Christianity • Begins the Protestant Reformation

  9. Protestant England • 1527 – Pope refuses to annul King Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon • 1534 – Henry breaks with the Catholic Church to divorce his wife, becomes official Head of Church of England

  10. 1553 – Queen Mary I – Back to Catholic, death to Protestants! • 1558 – Queen Elizabeth I - restores Church of England – persecutes Catholics

  11. The Counter-Reformation Which is really a reformation, and what Martin Luther wanted in the first place

  12. Counter-Reformation • The Church response to the Protestant movement

  13. St. Ignatius of Loyola founds the Jesuit Order - 1534 • Concentrate on education • Founded schools, missions, and universities

  14. Council of Trent 1545-1563 • Training of priests regulated • Indulgences abolished • Got rid of financial abuses • Rejects Protestants emphasis on the individual Boost to Catholicism

  15. Women in the Church • Before Renaissance, lived only in Convents After… • Would help poor/orphans/sick • Founded Orders to • educate girls • train women to be teachers • Build schools for girls

  16. Inquisition(not to be confused with the earlier and more violent Spanish Inquisition of Mel Brooks fame) • Church court to fight Protestantism • Accused Protestants of breaking church law • Used torture violence etc… (why not, it works! …right?)

  17. Reading: Brought Before the Inquisition, 1573 • Why does Paolo Veronese believe he is brought before the Inquisitors? • What issues do they have with the figures in his painting? • What is the major complaint about the painting? • What does he change? • What does the result of the inquiry tell you about the Inquisition as a whole?

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