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Kingdom Animalia

Explore the characteristics, diversity, and evolution of Kingdom Animalia, including the development and body plans, body symmetry, and the presence of coelom in different animal groups.

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Kingdom Animalia

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  1. Kingdom Animalia Introduction

  2. Kingdom Animalia • Chapters 32, 33 and 34 in text • Your Handouts… • Animals are Metazoans (?????) • Are all animals in one Kingdom? • From what did animals evolve? • When did animals originate? • 600+ mya

  3. Characteristics of Animals • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Heterotrophic (via ingestion) ????? • Herbivores • Carnivores • Detritovores • Omnivores • (Parasites)

  4. Additional Characteristics (I) • Shared by MOST animals • Carbohydrates stored as glycogen • Highly specialized cells, tissues, organs and organ systems (except Porifera and Placozoa) • Nerves and muscles in most Phyla (except…Porifera and Placozoa) • More often reproduce sexually (Oogamous with Undulipodiated sperm) • Asexual reproduction in many “lower” taxa

  5. Additional Characteristics (II) • Haplobiontic Diploid Life Cycle • In MOST --- zygote undergoes divisions (cleavage) to form a Blastula (Fig. 32.2)

  6. Additional Characteristics (III) Some animals --- maturation gradual to the adult form Some animals --- have a larval stage that undergoes some type of metamorphosis to the sexually mature adult form

  7. Types, Number & Distribution • Vertebrate vs. Invertebrate (misleading ??) • Non-Chordate vs. Chordate (better) • Approx. 25 Phyla • AT LEAST 2 million species • Maybe 2x to 5x as many as above --- WHY? • Seas – possess greatest diversity of animal Phyla • Land – has greatest species diversity

  8. Origin of Animals (I) • From a heterotrophic colonial flagellated protozoan • Why flagellated (= undulipodiated)? • Was it a coanoflagellate?(page 656, Fig. 32.3gives three strongreasons for thisKNOW THEM!)

  9. Origin of Animals (II) Was it a hollow or solid colony? One origin ????? Yes ????? We will consider them as monophyletic Ontogeny and Phylogeny

  10. From Protozoa to Metazoa (I)

  11. From Protozoa to Metazoa (II)

  12. Did “Protoanimals” resemble Tricoplax adhaerens ?????

  13. Kingdom Animalia - Diversity Metazoa Parazoa Eumetazoa Radiata Bilateria Where does Tricoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa) belong?

  14. Older Phylogenetic Tree (Fig. 32.10)

  15. Newer Phylogenetic Tree (Fig. 32.11)

  16. Body Symmetry (Fig. 32.7)

  17. Development and Body Plans Parazoa Eumetazoa Tricoplaxadhaerens ????? Radiata Planula larva Diploblastic (ectoderm and endoderm) Bilateria Triploblastic (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) Zygote    Blastula    Gastrula

  18. Early Embyronic Development (Fig. 32.2)

  19. Germ Layer Derivatives Ectoderm --- forms outer covering (epithelium) and nervous system Mesoderm --- muscles and some organs Endoderm --- lining of digestive tract, liver and lungs

  20. Coelom --- Yes or No (Fig. 32.8) What is a coelom? Acoelomate animals

  21. Pseudocolomate Animals (Fig. 32.8) Mesoderm linesONLY the OUTER body wall!

  22. Coelomate Animals (Fig. 32.8) Also known as Eucoelomate animals

  23. Coelom Functions Cushions organs (prevents injury) Organs can grow and move independently of outer body wall Acts as a hydrostatic ‘skeleton’ in some organisms

  24. Protostome/Deuterostome (Fig. 32.9)

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