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The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation . Start of Upheaval . Unequal wealth in Italy during the Renaissance Humanism appealed to the poor – especially idea of social reform Daily life still heavily influenced by church Humanism encouraged people to question the church. Church Corruption.

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The Protestant Reformation

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  1. The Protestant Reformation

  2. Start of Upheaval • Unequal wealth in Italy during the Renaissance • Humanism appealed to the poor – especially idea of social reform • Daily life still heavily influenced by church • Humanism encouraged people to question the church

  3. Church Corruption • Church has become more secular • Fought for political power • Wars to protect and gain land • Lived lavish lifestyles – Patrons of the arts • Increased fees for marriages, baptisms, sold indulgences • Previously indulgences were only granted for good deeds – Now they could be bought

  4. Call for Change • Northern Renaissance – Erasmus stressed Bible study and rejected secular nature of church • 1300s Wycliffe and Hus led reform

  5. Martin Luther • Very devout follower • Upset with corruption • Wittenberg in 1517 – Indulgences available for anyone that donated money to rebuilding of the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome. (St. Peter’s Basilica)

  6. 95 Theses • Luther’s arguments against indulgences • No basis for indulgences in Bible • Pope does not have authority to release souls from purgatory • Sola Fides (Salvation Through Faith Alone) Other Problems with the Church • All Christians equal access to God through faith and the Bible • School in each town to teach children to read Bible

  7. 95 Theses Continued • Banned Indulgences, Confessions, Pilgrimages and Prayers to Saints • Allowed clergy to marry

  8. Spread of Luther’s Ideas • Printing Press quickly spread ideas through Germany and Scandinavia • Church asks Luther to recant (take back) • Luther responds with more radical changes • Rejected authority of the Pope (Rome) • Church can only be reformed through secular means

  9. Results • Luther excommunicated in 1521 (Pope Leo X) • Diet of Worms – Told to give up writings by Charles V • Luther declared an outlaw • Followers “Protest” Papal Authority – Protestants • Some German princes agreed because it decreased power of Emperor and Pope

  10. Results • Peasants Revolt • Luther denounced revolt – for social order • Revolt crushed but ideas spread • Peace of Augsburg • Allowed German princes to decided which religion – Lutheran (Protestant) or Catholic would be followed • North chose Lutheran; South choose Catholic

  11. John Calvin • From France • Priest and lawyer • Predestination – World divided into sinners and saints • Live like saints because only those that were saved could live truly Christian lives

  12. Calvinists • Chosen people entrusted by God • 1500s Calvinism in Germany, France, Netherlands, England and Scotland • Opposed by Catholics and Lutherans

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