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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. Structures. Objectives. Must Translate between molecular, structural and ball and stick representations of simple organic molecules Should Describe how the functional group affects the property of an organic compound. Could

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry Structures

  2. Objectives Must Translate between molecular, structural and ball and stick representations of simple organic molecules Should Describe how the functional group affects the property of an organic compound. Could Represent chemical reactions for burning hydrocarbons including state symbols

  3. Title : “Representations of organic molecules” • There are a number of different ways to represent organic molecules. • Ball and stick – this is just like the molymods you have made

  4. Representations of organic molecules • Structural formula – this is where we show the covalent bonds between atoms as a line • Semi-structural – this is where we write out the formula but do not include bonds; these are implied egCH3CH2OH

  5. Representations of organic molecules • Molecular formula– this simply counts the numbers of each sort of atom present in the molecule, but tells you nothing about the way they are joined together. • EgC2H6O • This is the least helpful type of formula as it could be one of two different chemicals

  6. Rules of organic molecules Generally speaking Carbon must make four bonds Nitrogen must make three bonds Oxygen must make two bonds Hydrogen must make one bond A double bond counts as two bonds eg C=C or C=O. A triple bond counts as three bonds.

  7. AfL - Quiz • Draw the structural formula for butanol • Write the molecular formula for butanol • Draw the structural formula for hexane • Write the molecular formula for hexane • Write the molecular formula for an alkane with 25 carbon atoms. • How many bonds does oxygen make in methanol? 7. Give an example of a use for ethanol 8. Give an example of a use for methanol

  8. Butanol C4H10O Hexane C6H14 C25H52 2 Fuel/feedstock for synthesis/solvent/used in perfume Solvent, antifreeze, feedstock for adhesives and plastics

  9. Understanding reactivity • Alkanes are unreactive towards aqueous reagents because C-C and C-H bonds are unreactive. • What about organic molecules that have different bonds? • We call families of different types of bonded atoms FUNCTIONAL GROUPS • An example is the –OH group or alcohol group.

  10. Different functional groups

  11. Plenary In your book: Write the balanced chemical equation for burning ethanol in air as a fuel (include state symbols). If you finish quickly write one for pentane. Ethanol - 2C2H6O(l) + 7O2(g)  4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) Pentane - C5H12(l)+ 8O2(g)  5CO2(g) + 6H2O (l)

  12. Summary Must Translate between molecular, structural and ball and stick representations of simple organic molecules Should Describe how the functional group affects the property of an organic compound. Could Represent chemical reactions for burning hydrocarbons including state symbols

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