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INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY. ADVANCED ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY CARE COURSE CONCERN NYONI MRTC,AT,OSHEMAC, EMT,BScHC,MScDM (NUST) (Revised June 2014). OBJECTIVES. DEFINE THE ANATOMICAL POSITION. NAME BONES OF THE SKELETON. LIST BODY CAVITIES. TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY.

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INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY ADVANCED ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY CARE COURSE CONCERN NYONI MRTC,AT,OSHEMAC, EMT,BScHC,MScDM(NUST) (Revised June 2014)

  2. OBJECTIVES • DEFINE THE ANATOMICAL POSITION. • NAME BONES OF THE SKELETON. • LIST BODY CAVITIES

  3. TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY • Refers to the use of superficial landmarks, as guides to locate internal structures, that lie beneath them • ANATOMICAL POSITION • Person standing, facing the examiner • Arms by the sides • Palms facing forward • Right & left terms refer to the person’s right & left, and not the examiners

  4. THE ANATOMICAL POSITION

  5. Superior Left Right Inferior MIDLINE / MEDIAL - towards the middle. Divides body into L & R sides Proximal LATERAL - away from the midline. Divides body into 2 halves Distal

  6. THE SKELETON • There are 206 bones of the human skeleton • Function of the skeleton is to: - Give form to and support the body - Protect internal organs & structures - To allow movement - levers

  7. Cranium Cervical spine

  8. BONES OF THE CRANIUM (SKULL) PARIETAL BONE FRONTAL BONE SPHENOID BONE TEMPORAL BONE NASAL BONE ZYGOMATIC BONE OCCIPITAL BONE ORBIT MASTIOD PROCESS STYLOID PROCESS MANDIBLE

  9. FACIAL BONES Frontal bone Orbits Zygomatic bone Maxilla Mandible

  10. Foramen Magnum BASE OF SKULL

  11. BONES OF THE SPINE There are 33 Spinal Vertebrae

  12. THE CERVICAL SPINE – 7 bones Phrenic nerves control respiration

  13. THORACIC SPINE – 12 bones

  14. 5 fused Sacral bones Lumbar Spine 5 bones 4 fused bones of the Coccyx

  15. CLAVICLE SCAPULA STERNUM XIPHOID PROCESS 12 PAIRS OF RIBS – 10 connected / 2 floating

  16. THE PELVIS Ileum Ischium Symphysis Pubis

  17. Ball & socket joint of the hip Head Neck Shaft FEMUR

  18. Radius & Ulna Humerus

  19. BODY CAVITIES • The human body is made up of various cavities: • CRANIAL CAVITY - Skull • THORACIC CAVITY - Chest • ABDOMINAL / PELVIC CAVITY

  20. THORACIC CAVITY

  21. THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY IS DIVIDED INTO 4 QUADRANTS Costal arch Umbilicus

  22. Organs of the Abdominal Cavity

  23. LIVER – Right Upper Quadrant

  24. SPLEEN – Left Upper Quadrant

  25. APPENDIX – Right Lower Quadrant

  26. THE ENDAny questions??????

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