America as a World Power

1. America as a World Power

2. Imperialism and Expansion • Isolationism • Imperialism – building an empire by founding colonies and conquering nations. • 1870-1914 – European countries take control of Africa and most of Asia.countries need raw materials • Reasons for Imperialism: • 1. desire for resources • 2. needed new trade markets • 3. expansion of military power • 4. source of national pride (Nationalism)

3. Africa

5. United States • Isolationism – avoiding involvement with foreign countries • U.S did not begin expanding until the late 1800’s. • 1867 – U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million”Sewards Ice Box=mockerywants to dominate Pacific and Caribbean • “Seward’s Folly” – William H. Seward – Secretary of State: finds gold and now it’s a good idea (annexing landsworld power) • 1912 Alaska becomes territory of US • 1893 – Hawaii – sugar planters lead a revolt against Queen Liliuokalani – U.S. annexes Hawaii in 1898.

6. Hawaii Cont • 8 large islands, own community • Christian missionaries arrive in 1820: trade, diseases, schools, intro to SUGARCANE • Queen comes to throne and wants to resist American influencetook powers away from planters • White planters overthrow her

9. Lilioukalani

10. Spanish-American War • 1895 – Cuba revolts against Spanish rule • 200,000 Cubans die in the revolt and in Spanish concentration camps. • Joseph Pulitzer/William Randolph Hearst – newspaper publishers in New York (try to outdo each other) • Yellow Journalism – exaggerating and twisting the news (biased, false, stirring things up) • 1896 – William McKinley elected President – supported Cuban independence

11. Cuba

14. William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer

15. William McKinley

16. “Remember the Maine” • January 25, 1898 – U.S. battleship Maine arrives in Havana, Cuba to protect U.S. interests • February 15 – Maine explodes – 260 American sailors are killed – Most Americans blame Spain (Spain denies, may have been an accident) • April 20 – Teller Amendment – tells Spain to leave Cuba – U.S. has no interest in taking over leads to war • Rally cry for revenge

17. “Remember the Maine”

18. War with Spain/Splendid Little War • April 24 – Spain declares war on U.S. • America wins fairly easily, despite being poorly prepared when war begins. (blockade coast) • Most Americans die of tropical diseases, not battle wounds • Theodore Roosevelt – Rough Riders(Calvary, college students, Battle of San Juan Hill ends Spanish resistance • U.S. 10th Cavalry – all-black unit • August 12 – Spain surrenders (armistice=peace agreement) • U.S gains the Philippines(resistancefull freedom in 1946), Guam, and Puerto Rico from Spain. • Platt Amendment – Cuba becomes independent, but U.S. has final say-so on all Cuban affairs.Guantanamo Bay

19. Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

22. 10th Cavalry

24. Panama Canal • Journey around South America could take up to six weeks. (connect Atlantic to Pacific) • U.S. leaders wanted to cut that time by digging a canal across Central America • Several attempts had already been made. (French) • 1901 – Teddy Roosevelt become President after McKinley’s assassination. • Americans support Panamanians revolt against Colombia-recognize independence and sign treaty)many people don’t agree • 1903 – Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty – U.S. gets a 10-mile wide zone across Panama for 99 years - $10 million plus $250,000 a year • Canal opens in 1914 – cost $375 million to build – 6,000 men died building it – disease, mosquitos, yellow fever

25. Panama Canal

26. Panama Canal

29. Latin America • Monroe Doctrine – 1823 – Europeans had to stay out of the Americas • Many European nations had loaned money to Central and South America. – These countries often refused to repay their debts. • Roosevelt Corollary (addition to Monroe Doctrine) – The United States would force these countries to repay their debts; kept Europeans out. “Speak softly and carry a big stick” **Military action, “Police Power” • United States marines occupy many Central and South American nations multiple times to force debt repayment and protect American businesses and citizens

30. Monroe Doctrine

31. Roosevelt Corollary

32. Theodore Roosevelt

33. Roosevelt as President • Square Deal – forced companies to negotiate with workers for better conditions (arbitration) • Trust-busting – breaking up big companies – helped the public avoid higher costs • Conservation – greatly expanded the National Park system – doubled the number of parks and national monuments • Progressive Movement – wanted to solve problems caused by rapid industrial and urban growth – crime, disease, poverty • Muckrakers – investigative journalists who exposed unfair practices and problems – child labor, slum housing, food safety, worker safety

34. Progressive Issues • Child Labor – almost 2 million children worked full-time – finally illegal in 1938 • Worker Safety – Triangle Shirtwaist Fire – 146 dead – led to increased safety requirements • Food Safety – highly unclean conditions – “The Jungle” – Upton Sinclair • Pure Food and Drug Act - 1906

36. Trust Busting

37. Dollar Diplomacy • William Howard Taft – elected President in 1909 • Believed in letting American businesses influence Latin America first. (Only interfere when American interests are threatened) increase Anti-American feelings • America invested or loaned millions to Latin American countries • Military was last resort if they did not repay.

38. William Howard Taft

39. Dollar Diplomacy

40. Mexican Revolution • Porfirio Diaz – Mexican dictator, worked closely with American business and government • 1910 – Revolution begins – Francisco Madero –overthow Diaz • Breaks down into a multi-sided civil war • Victoriano Huerta – takes power in 1913 (kills Madero, favors wealthy like Diaz) Woodrow Wilson doesn’t like (Moral Diplomacy) • 1914 – US marines capture port of Veracruz – to keep European arms from being delivered(after Huerta arrest American sailors) • Pancho Villa (rebel leader) – March 1916 – raids across the border into New Mexico, killing 17 US Citizens(Why? Because US supported Huerta’s rival) • John J. Pershing – leads US soldiers into Mexico after Villa, never catching him (leave to deal with war in Europe) • 1920 – Mexican civil war ends

41. Porfirio Diaz Francisco Madero

42. Pancho Villa Victoriano Huerta

43. John J. Pershing

44. China • Island territories in PacificChina(too weak to resist foreign powers) • Spheres of Influence in China: sections of the country where each nation enjoyed rights and powers • Sec of State John Hay: Open Door Policyeach foreign nation could trade freely in the other nations’ spheres of influence (protect American trading)

45. Boxer Rebellion • Chinese martial art society –The Boxersviolent uprising against foreigners • Many foreigners trapped in Beijingfinally troops break siege and defeat Boxers • Japan ignores Open Door Policywar with Russia and conflict with US • Roosevelt meets with both countries to make peace: Japan has strongest naval power in Pacific: relations deteriorate • Roosevelt’s Great White Fleet: 16 battle ships cruise the world to display power impresses Japan and solve differences