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An Age of Explorations and Isolation

An Age of Explorations and Isolation. Chapter 19. Chapter 19-Section 1- Europeans Explore the East. For “God, Glory, and Gold”. Reasons for European Exploration- The desire for new sources of wealth (main reason) Spread Christianity Advances in sailing technology.

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An Age of Explorations and Isolation

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  1. An Age of Explorations and Isolation Chapter 19

  2. Chapter 19-Section 1-Europeans Explore the East

  3. For “God, Glory, and Gold” • Reasons for European Exploration- • The desire for new sources of wealth (main reason) • Spread Christianity • Advances in sailing technology

  4. For “God, Glory, and Gold” • Europeans Seek New Trade Routes- • The crusades had increased the desires for spices and other luxury goods • Demand was high for spices like nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and pepper so merchants could charge high prices • Muslims and Italians controlled the trade routes East to West • So European nations wanted to find a new route to Asia

  5. European Trade Routes

  6. For “God, Glory, and Gold” • The Spread of Christianity- • The Crusades left many feeling that they had a sacred duty to continue fighting Muslims and convert non-Christians • Bartolomeu Dias-Portuguese Explorer • Wanted to “give light to those in darkness” and grow rich like all men desire

  7. For “God, Glory, and Gold” • Advances in Technology- • Caravel-New type of ship designed in the 1400’s that allowed sailors to sail against the wind b/c of triangle shaped sails • Sailors also used astrolabe, and magnetic compass

  8. Portugal Leads the Way • Portugal- • Leader in developing and applying sailing innovations • First country to establish trading posts on the west coast of Africa • Prince Henry-Portugal’s most enthusiastic supporter of exploration • Helped conquer the Muslim city of Ceuta in 1415 • Brought back gold, silver, jewels, and spices

  9. Portugal Leads the Way • Vasco da Gama- • Portuguese Explorer who reached the port of Calicut, India in 1498 • The cargo which included pepper and cinnamon was worth 60 times the cost of the voyage • This 27,000 mile voyage gave Portugal direct access to India

  10. Spain also Makes Claims • 1492-Christopher Columbus • Convinced Spain to finance a voyage going west across the Atlantic to reach India • Reached the Caribbean and thought it was the East Indies • Opened the door for new exploration • Increased tensions between Spain and Portugal

  11. Spain also Makes Claims • Treaty of Tordesillas- • Treaty in which Spain and Portugal agreed to split territories in the Atlantic based on the imaginary line drawn by Pope Alexander VI • All lands west of the line belonged Spain all lands east belonged to Portugal

  12. Trading Empire in the Indian Ocean • Portugal’s Trading Empire- • The Portuguese took over the Muslim spice trade in the early 1500’s • 1510-Portugese captured the port city of Goa on India’s west coast • This became the capital of their trading empire • The Portuguese after bypassing the Muslim-Italian domination over Asia could bring back goods for 1/5 of the previous price

  13. Trading Empire in the Indian Ocean • Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese- • The English and Dutch began to Challenge Portugal's dominance • By 1600 the Dutch had nearly 20,000 ships • The Dutch East India Company- • The most powerful trading company of its time • In addition to conducting trade they printed money, made treaties, and created their own army

  14. Trading Empire in the Indian Ocean • British and French Traders- • English East India Company • Focused on trading outposts in India • Mainly traded Indian cloth • France tried to create it’s own East India company but was never really successful

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