The Protestant Reformation

1. The Protestant Reformation World History Mrs. Rees

2. Renaissance Yeah, it’s the Renaissance. There’s so little art in the Dark Age, Just a couple jokers like in a card game. But things change and those hard days Turn into the Renaissance, now art pays. Let’s get classical, take it back to Greeks, We’re smarter now; we’re practically geeks. The Medici family will pay you mad doubloons, If you paint something that doesn’t look like a cartoon. So we add perspective, paint in 3-D, Make the background small; it’s easy. Raphael, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Donatello. Aren’t those the Ninja Turtles? Yeah, that’s it, But the Sistine Chapel didn’t paint itself, kid. Mona Lisa smiles, that’s so new, Sculpt Greek and Bible dudes in their birthday suits. If you’re sick of eating the same thing for lunch, stand up! Nobody’s thinking ’cause it’s cool to be dumb, stand up! There’s no art, just guns and greed, stand up! You need a renaissance, stand up!

3. Scientific Revolution Do you believe in magic like people used to? You get sick, and you think God hates you. They didn’t question what the priests told ‘em, Until a couple of scientists got emboldened. They said, "I won’t take your word as the truth, If you want me to believe, you better show me proof." Poof! This was the Scientific Revolution, How you like them apples? Like Isaac Newton. Now everybody thought God made the Earth, And put it in the center of the universe. Copernicus thought it was the sun at center, Like the gum’s at the center of a… a Blow Pop. Galileo’s telescope proved the Earth moved, The Pope said, "Galileo is a fool." Actually, the Pope couldn’t handle the facts, ’Cause science kind of gave him like a panic attack. If you’re sick of eating the same thing for lunch, stand up! Nobody’s thinking ’cause it’s cool to be dumb, stand up! There’s no art, just guns and greed, stand up! You need a renaissance, stand up!

4. Reformation "Tell me, have you sinned?" Yeah, like every day, "Well if you pay me lots of money, I can make it go away." That’s what Catholics did, selling indulgences, Till a monk named Martin Luther wasn’t feeling it. Wrote 95 theses and tacked ‘em up, Said the Church is too fat like a Reese’s Cup. We need to be more personal with Jesus, His friends protested, so they’re Protestants. Over in England, we find Henry VIII, With like 30 ladies that he wanted to date Now, you know how dads want to play ball with their son? Well, his wife Catherine wasn’t giving him one. So Henry asked the Pope, "Yo, can I get a divorce?" But the Pope said, "No, you’ve got to stay the course." What do you do if you’re a king and your church says wait? Well, you start your own church if you’re Henry VIII. If you’re sick of eating the same thing for lunch, stand up! Nobody’s thinking ’cause it’s cool to be dumb, stand up! There’s no art, just guns and greed, stand up! You need a renaissance, stand up!

5. Review Up to this Point In Europe, which was the most civilized place in the world, there was: • No books • Oral culture • Priests would announce news at Church • Local churches did not have Bibles • No schools (except for elites) • Information was controlled by the Church Renaissance and Scientific Revolution • The Renaissance was the rebirth of human culture. It was a huge step for us. Education, learning, reading, writing, arts, and many other areas of culture progressed during this time period. • The Scientific Revolution took the philosophy developed from the humanists during the Renaissance and put it to work, developing the Scientific Method. The innovativeness of the Scientist during the time will eventually lead to better exploration practices.

6. Let's Begin . . . • As the Catholic church loses its spiritual mission in the 1500s, religious revolutionaries began splitting away. The first major split happening in Germany. Beginning of the Protestant Reformation • Protestant = someone who protested the Catholic Church • Reformation = when people demand changes

7. Where? When? • The Protestant Reformation occurred in Europe. • It began in the 15th century, and spread across the continent in the early 16th century

8. Christian Denominations • Christians did not used to have so many choices. For many hundreds of years, the Roman Catholic Church dominated Europe. • This Holy Roman Empire was lead by the Pope. The Church claimed he was the ultimate authority on just about all things. The Church was very controlling • Over the centuries, Christianity (organized Christians) has divided into numerous denominations. Each denomination has its own distinctive beliefs or practices, but they are commonly considered branches of the same religion because they agree on such fundamentals as the Bible. • Roman Catholic, Baptist, Protestant, Lutheran, Eastern Orthodox, Presbyterian, and many, many more

9. More Evidence of Church Control • Popes seemed more concerned with luxury and political power than with spiritual matters. Church leaders lived rich, luxurious lifestyles for the times, while many peasants struggled. • For years and years, many people complained, but went along with corrupt Church policies. One of the main reasons is because of their hopes of salvation and entering Heaven after death. The Church was very forceful when detailing exactly what people had to do to reach Heaven(became Political). • Buying clerical offices • Selling Indulgences • Malpractice and misuse of power • Became a Hierarchy (starting with the Pope)

10. Indulgences • In the Roman Catholic Church, indulgences are the full remission, or forgiveness, of punishment for sins. So what's that mean? • These indulgences were like free passes from sins you committed. The Catholic Church sold these, and made you feel guilty if you couldn't buy them. This is a classic case of abusing power. • The Church said if you couldn't buy the Indulgences, Heaven and Salvation wasn't going to be an option for you.

11. Let’s Review Answer the following questions with complete sentences and as many details as possible: • What continent are we focusing on? • For Christians, the ______ ________ Church was the only real option at the time. • The Church was very controlling. Give examples and details of these questionable Church actions.

12. Activity I want you to create an indulgence list, forcing people to pay money for bad things they did. If they don't do it, detail what the result will be. Try to make it school related.

13. Martin Luther • Martin Luther was a German Monk who openly challenged the practice of indulgences and was the first to publicly challenge church wrongdoings. He posted a written protest called the 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral in Germany, for all to read. • Eventually his words were printed (using the new printing press) and spread throughout Germany.

14. The following are selected theses points from Luther’s 95 Theses: 33. Men must be on their guard against those who say that the pope's pardons are that inestimable gift of God by which man is reconciled to Him; 36. Every truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission of penalty and guilt, even without letters of pardon. 43. Christians are to be taught that he who gives to the poor or lends to the needy does a better work than buying pardons; 47. Christians are to be taught that the buying of pardons is a matter of free will, and not of commandment. 62. The true treasure of the Church is the Most Holy Gospel of the glory and the grace of God. 66. The treasures of the indulgences are nets with which they now fish for the riches of men. 67. The indulgences which the preachers cry as the "greatest graces" are known to be truly such, in so far as they promote gain. 75. To think the papal pardons so great that they could absolve a man even if he had committed an impossible sin and violated the Mother of God -- this is madness. 76. We say, on the contrary, that the papal pardons are not able to remove the very least of venial sins, so far as its guilt is concerned.

15. Make your own Theses • What are some grievances that you have with your school? • While Luther had 95, you are to create a list of at least 10 specific injustices. • Example -- How dare you make me do the dishes everyday! I am willing to do my part, but my sister should take turns with me.

16. Counter-Reformation

17. Read pgs 176-179 in your textbooks Answer questions 1, 3a, and 3b on pg 179. As well as the two Map Skills ?’s on pg178.

18. Reform in the Catholic Church • Protestant reformers were not the only ones who were dissatisfied with the state of the Catholic Church.  Even before Martin Luther posted his theses, some Catholics had been working toward reform of the church itself.  Later, in response to the spread of Protestantism, the church began a series of reforms known as the Counter-Reformation. • The Jesuit order was founded in 1534 by Ignatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman and former soldier. Jesuits like a military organization, emphasizing obedience to the church above all. The Jesuits became the most efficient agents in spreading Catholicism through missions.

19. Council of Trent • Recognizing the need to redefine the doctrines of the Catholic faith, Pope Paul III convened the Council of Trent in 1545.  It met on and off until 1563.  Its delegates addressed the abuses that had weakened the church over the past century.  A series of reforms addressed the corruption of the clergy.  The training of priests was regulated and financial abuse was curbed.  The sale of indulgences was abolished. • Above all, the Council of Trent rejected the Protestants' emphasis on self-discipline and individual faith.  The council argued that the church could help believers achieve salvation by using mystery and magnificent ceremonies to inspire the faith.

20. RAFT Activity Option A: Rap Song/Poem Create a rap song or a poem about the Counter-Reformation. The product will be a dialogue between Martin Luther and Pope Paul III. Be sure to include criticisms of the Catholic Church and tactics the Catholic Church used in response to these criticisms. Option B: Role Play Create a script for a role play between two friends who have gotten into an argument. The first friend represents the Reformation and the other friend represents the Counter-Reformation. Use symbolism and parallels to relate a common fight between friends to issues dealing with the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Option C: Summary Write a one page summary of the Reformation and Counter Reformation. Use the appropriate essay format in which you include an introduction, body, and concluding paragraphs. Your paragraphs should also follow the writing format using claim, evidence, and commentary. Option D: Political Cartoon/Comic Strip Create either a political cartoon or a comic strip depicting a significant aspect of the Counter-Reformation. Be prepared to explain what you have drawn and why it is relevant to the Counter-Reformation.