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Natural Resource Accounting in Zanzibar: Artisanal Fishery A RESEARCH PROPOSAL Adolf .F Mkenda Zeinab Ngazy. outline. Background Objective Justification Methodology Data source Challenges. Background. Economic importance of the sector 1991: agriculture mainstay -31% of GDP (Fishery 3%)

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  1. Natural Resource Accounting in Zanzibar: Artisanal FisheryA RESEARCH PROPOSALAdolf .F Mkenda Zeinab Ngazy

  2. outline • Background • Objective • Justification • Methodology • Data source • Challenges

  3. Background • Economic importance of the sector • 1991: agriculture mainstay -31% of GDP (Fishery 3%) • 2004: Agriculture 21% (fishery 4%)

  4. Fishery resource in Zanzibar • Reef fish: Coral reef fish include emperors, snappers, sweetlips, parrotfish, surgeonfish, rabbitfish, grouper and goat fish. • Large Pelagic: include Spanish mackerel, bonito, yellowfin, tuna, barracuda, jack, mackerel, wolf herring,marlin, sharkand kingfish among others. .

  5. Fishery resource (cont…) • Small Pelagic: include sardines, scads and mackerels, herring and anchovy • Demersal Species: shark, snapper, grouper, bream, rabbitfish, parrotfish, goatfish, mullet, octopus, squid, lobster, crab, ray, skate, sole, catfish, sea cucumber and shrimp

  6. Fishery resource (cont..) • The Lagoon and Intertidal Pond Species: Include octopus, squid and a variety of bialves. • Crustacea: Grouped as shallow water lobster, prawns and crabs • Shells/Bivalves: More than 40 edible species are obtained in Zanzibar

  7. Fishery Resources (cont..) • Marine mammals: These resources are within the group of Dolphin, whales and dugongs. • Deep Sea Resources: The main deep water resource is deep water lobsters.

  8. Fishery resource (cont..) • Holuthurians(seacucumber): commercially collected seacucumber in Zanzibar are of five species. • Turtles: The most common species are the green sea turtle, the hawksbill turtle and the ridley turtle.

  9. Employment • A total of 18,619 (7831 in Pemba and 10788 in Unguja) people are employed. • Fishery supporting sector gets employment from the fisheries ( boat construction and repair, marketing and sale of fish products).

  10. Employment (cont…) • Spill over benefits to other sectors e.g tourism sector • After the fall of world market prices for cloves,tourism became the leading sector in attracting investments

  11. Employment (cont….) • 60% of the total investment in Zanzibar is in the tourism sector (ZIPA 2001) • There are a number of recreational activities including diving, snorkeling and sports fishing • The growth of tourism has been so fast at an average of 8 % per annum (Khatib, 2003) .

  12. Export • Marine resources are exported annually to Denmark, USA, Dubai, Philippines, Spain, Oman, Hong Kong, India and Tanzania mainland • Annual total fish exports between 1990 and 1998 reached 407 metric tons valuing 132,937,826 and the export royalty amount to 5,885,775.41

  13. Objective To assess: • The actual contribution of fishery sector to Zanzibar economy.

  14. Specific Objective • To compile and analyse data for construction of physical and monetary account for fisheries • To calculate resource rent and stock value of the fishery over time • To assess the trend of rent and stock overtime

  15. Justification • Indications that the fishery has been biologically over-fished. • Poverty reduction policy: using the fishery as an avenue for diversifying the economy and creating employment • Initiatives from statistics department to develop a satelite account for fisheries following UN&FAO (2004) guidelines

  16. Methodology • SEEA Guidelines for Fisheries proposed by UN&FAO (2004). • Zanzibar Households budget surveys (1991 and 2004) • Catch and effort data collected by Zanzibar Fisheries Department • Conduct minor surveys for estimation of intermediate cost

  17. Structure of the Asset Account for Fisheries • Physical accounts(000s of M/tons) Opening stock - Total catch (Commercial large scale + Small-scale commercial and subsistence + Recreational + Estimated illegal catch) + Net natural growth (recruitment - natural mortality) + Other changes in volume (Estimated discard + Other) =Closing stock

  18. Table . Physical fish stock in M/Tons

  19. Monetary Account • R= TR-(IC+CE+CFC+NP)…….(1) • Where: • R= Resource rent • TR = total revenue • IC = intermediate consumption • CE = compensation to employees • CFC = Depreciation of fixed capital • NP =Normal profit

  20. Monetary account (cont..)

  21. Monetary account (cont…)

  22. Monetary Account (cont..) • Where: • t = current period • V = value of the asset • P = unit rent price such that R= total resource rent • T= the remaining lifespan of the resource • S= the stock of natural resource at the close of the accounting period. • r = discount rate.

  23. Data Sources • Office of the Chief Government Statistician • Fisheries Department • MPA offices (patrolling and other costs) • ZIPA • Institute of Marine Sciences • Local Fishermen (fish landing stations) • Diving and sports fishing centres • Other studies/literatures

  24. Limitations/challenges • Lack of recent and relevant data on fish stocks for physical account • Data collected does not allocate effort according to type of fish • fisher-folks do not keep records of costs involved in fishing • Data inaccuracy/descripancies

  25. Thank you !Ahsante !Obrigada!

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