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Chapter 31: An Era of Social Change

Chapter 31: An Era of Social Change. Essential Question: How did minority groups in the United States respond to inequality in American society?. “The times they are a- changin ’.” Bob Dylan. Section 1: Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality –1/7/13 Section 2:

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Chapter 31: An Era of Social Change

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  1. Chapter 31: An Era of Social Change Essential Question: How did minority groups in the United States respond to inequality in American society? • “The times they are a-changin’.” • Bob Dylan • Section 1: • Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality –1/7/13 • Section 2: • Women Fight for Equality- 1/8/13 • Section 3: • Culture and Counterculture-1/9/13

  2. Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality Chapter 31 Section 1 1/6/14

  3. Key Terms • Cesar Chavez • United Farm Workers Organizing Committee • La RazaUnida • American Indian Movement

  4. Key Dates • 1966- United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC) started by Cesar Chavez • 1968-American Indian Movement formed • 1969- Native Americans seize Alcatraz Island • 1970- California Grape Boycott ends • 1970- La RazaUnida party formed • 1973- Native Americans seize Wounded Knee SD • 1972- Native American Education Act • 1975- Native American Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act

  5. Latino Population Grows • Large and diverse group: • Mexicans • Puerto Ricans • Cubans • Central and South Americans • Many came for different reasons: • Escape poverty and civil wars • Many Cubans came after Cuban Revolution of 1959 to escape communism • Many lacked education • Mexicans generally settled in California and American Southwest • Most worked as braceros or temporary laborers • Settled in segregated neighborhoods called Barrios • Puerto Ricans mainly settled on east coast- New York City especially • Cubans fled Castro • Many settled in Miami and southern Florida

  6. The Farm Workers Movement • Many Mexican Americans worked as migrant farm workers • Hard work for little pay and no benefits • Cesar Chavez began organizing unions for Farm Workers • 1962 -National Farm Workers Association • 1966- United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC) • Influenced by MLK- Non-Violent Protest • 1965- California Grape Boycott begins • 1968- Chavez 3 week hunger strike • 1970- Growers finally recognize the union

  7. Cesar Chavez

  8. Growing Influence • 1968- Bilingual Education Act passed • Provided instruction in language other than English in public schools • Political Influence • 1960- MAPAMexican American Political Association formed • 1961- 1st Latino elected to Congress- Henry Gonzalez • 1962- 2nd Latino elected to Congress- Edward Roybal • 1970- La RazaUnida- The United People Party • Ran Latino candidates in local elections • Focused on issues for the Latino community

  9. Native Americans Struggle for Equality • Hundreds of distinct Native American Groups • Poorest group in America • High unemployment and little economic opportunity on reservations • 1953- Termination Policy • Moved Native Americans from reservations to urban areas • Total disaster- Native Americans did not Assimilate/ remained poor • 1965- LBJ creates Council on Indian Opportunity • Gives Native Americans more autonomy and promotes economic opportunity on the Reservations

  10. Native American Reservation Land

  11. The American Indian Movement- AIM • Founded in 1968 • Protested for increased Native American Rights • Sometimes led to violence • 1969- Alcatraz Island • Indians of All Tribes, a militant group, seized Alcatraz island in San Francisco bay • Offered to pay $24 in beads and cloth for the island • Federal officials removed them after 18 months • 1972- Trail of Broken Treaties • Protest march in DC- took over Bureau of Indian Affairs building causing 2 million in damage

  12. 1973-Wounded Knee Occupation • AIM led 200 Sioux to Wounded Knee SD • Occupied town and took 11 people hostage • Occupation lasted 71 days • Both sides traded fire continuously • Ended with shootout with FBI and US Marshalls • One Native American and one officer were killed in the fight

  13. Native Americans at Wounded Knee, 1973

  14. Native American Victories • 1972- Indian Education Act • 1975- Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act • Gave Native Americans increased autonomy • Most importantly in education • Many groups sued the government over broken treaties and received millions in reparations • Taos in New Mexico were 1st • Others across the country followed in their example

  15. Reflection Question • In your opinion, do you believe the protest methods undertaken by Native Americans were justified to achieve their goals?

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