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Rise and Fall of Mughal Empire: Babur to Aurangzeb and Sikhism's Teachings

Explore the impact of Babur and Akbar on the Mughal Empire, from religious tolerance to cultural blending, and the downfall under Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb. Learn about Sikhism's beliefs, the Ten Gurus, and the struggle for justice through the 5 K's.

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Rise and Fall of Mughal Empire: Babur to Aurangzeb and Sikhism's Teachings

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  1. MUGHAL INDIA

  2. BABUR & AKBAR • Babur: Founder of Mughal Empire • Akbar (B. grandson) – tried to create a tolerant Islamic empire • Marriage to other ethnicities • New religion: Divine Faith (incorporated Muslim, Hindu, Zoroastrian, Sikh and Christian beliefs) • Tolerant tax laws • Economic growth: cotton cloth w. Europeans • Cultural blending of arts • Central authority, strong military

  3. Jahangir, Shah Jahan & Aurangzeb • Jahangir’s son rebelled – went to Sikh’s (Guru Arjun) for protection….Arjun tortured by Mughals • Shah Jahan built TajMahal for his wife • Aurangzeb • Imprisoned his father • Was no longer tolerant of Hindu faith • Beheaded the Sikh guru for refusing to convert These problems brought down the Mughal Empire

  4. SIKHISM • Ten Guru’s: guru is a spiritual person, teacher • First: Guru Nanak • 9th: TeghBahadur (beheaded by Aurangzeb) The 5 K’s (Physical articles of faith)kesh (hair), Kangha (comb), kara (steel bracelet), kachha (undergarment) and kirpan (sword) – struggle for justice Men’s names: Singh (lion); Kaur for girls

  5. SIKH BELIEFS • One god, cannot take human form • Break cycle of births and merge with god • Follow teachings, meditation, good works • No fasting, idol worship • Equality for all (no castes – Singh, Kaur) • Justice • Chastity, respect for marriage/body • Avoid sins of ego (lust, pride, greed, anger..)

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