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Age of Jefferson

Age of Jefferson. Unit IIIA AP United States History. Thomas Jefferson (D-R) (1801-1809). Plantation and slave owner from Virginia Statesman Assemblyman Declaration of Independence Governor Minister to France Secretary of State Vice-President President Democratic-Republican

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Age of Jefferson

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  1. Age of Jefferson Unit IIIA AP United States History

  2. Thomas Jefferson (D-R) (1801-1809) • Plantation and slave owner from Virginia • Statesman • Assemblyman • Declaration of Independence • Governor • Minister to France • Secretary of State • Vice-President • President • Democratic-Republican • Founded the party in opposition to Alexander Hamilton’s Federalists • Kentucky Resolution • Inaugural Address • “Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle... We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” • “Renaissance Man” • Inventor, philosopher, architect, scientist

  3. What is Jeffersonianism? • Republicanism and Civic Virtue • Civic duty • Voting and efficacy • Right to education • Natural Elites • Resist corruption • Federalism and States’ Rights • Ultimate sovereignty in the states and nullification • Strict constitutionalist • Dominant legislature, weak judiciary • Economic coercion over standing armies • Yeoman Farmers as Ideal Citizens • Educated landowners exemplified independence and virtue • Agriculture Over Manufacture/Industry • Responsibility of subsistence • Dependence led to class conflict • Empire of Liberty and Foreign Policy • America’s responsibility to spread democracy • Avoid entangling alliances • Society • Republican motherhood; absent from politics • Natives capable, just need to catch up (noble savages) • Black inferiority and white superiority • Separation of Church and State

  4. Was Jefferson Jeffersonian? • Consider the following historical concepts and events in regards to the question… • The Federal Judiciary • Louisiana Purchase • Barbary/Tripoli Pirates • Embargo Act of 1807

  5. Federalists National policies Strong central government Loose constructionists Commerce and manufacturing Urban The rich, the well-born, the able; merchants, bankers Pro-British Anti-French revolution Northeast Democratic-Republicans States rights Strong local/state governments Strict constructionists Agricultural Rural Small farmers, plantation owners, artisans Anti-British Pro-French Revolution West and South First Political Party System (1789-1824) Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson

  6. Midnight Judges Judiciary Act of 1801 Adams (F) last minute federal judicial appointments Marbury v. Madison (1803) Judicial review “It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.” – Chief Justice John Marshall Impeachments John Pickering Associate Justice Samuel Chase Jefferson and the Federal Judiciary

  7. Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase(1803) • Napoleon’s Plans • Jefferson’s Plan • Brokered a deal for $15 million • Doubles the size of the United States • Federalist opposition • Lewis and Clark Expedition

  8. Jefferson and the Barbary/Tripoli Pirates • Washington and Adams • Paid bribes to Barbary states to avoid piracy • Jefferson • Barbary states increase bribes • U.S. Navy and Marines dispatched • Treaty reached in American favor

  9. Jefferson and the Embargo Act • Napoleonic Wars • Britain vs France • British and French impressment of Americans • HMS Leopard and USS Chesapeake • Embargo Act of 1807 • Prohibited vessels from leaving American ports for foreign ports • Economic impact on Americans

  10. Election of 1808 • James Madison (D-R) • Charles Pinckney (F) • Federalists gained congressional seats

  11. James Madison (D-R) (1809-1817) • Napoleonic Wars • Impressment continues • Non-intercourse Act of 1809 • Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810) • Western Frontier • Alleged British influence on Natives • Native wars • War of 1812

  12. Causes of the War of 1812 • United States vs. Great Britain • British impressment • Alleged British influence in the western frontier • War Hawks in Congress • John C. Calhoun • Henry Clay • Opposition to War • Federalists • Old guard Dem-Reps • New England and merchants

  13. War of 1812British Invasion • Chesapeake Campaign • Invasion of Washington D.C. • Burning of the White House • Nature FTW • Fort McHenry and Baltimore • Star-Spangled Banner and Francis Scott Key

  14. “Old Ironsides” • Constructed in 1797 • Still in commission 42 Wins 0 Losses

  15. War of 1812Battles with Frontier Natives • Tecumseh’s War • Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) • Battle of the Thames (1813) • Creek War • Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)

  16. End of the War • End of Napoleonic Wars • Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) • Battle of New Orleans (January 1815)

  17. Hartford Convention (1814) • Platform • Federal economic assistance for New England • 2/3 congressional majority for embargoes, state admission, and declaration of war • Rescind the Three-Fifths Compromise • One-term president and no same-state successor • Talk of secession by radicals • After War of 1812 • Perceived as traitors • Effectively weakened as a national party

  18. War of 1812’s Impact • Growth of nationalism • Ushered in an “Era of Good Feelings” • Domestic industrial and manufacturing development • Emphasis on national infrastructure • Promotion of professional military • International respect • Natives significantly weakened • Increased drive to expand west

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