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Distinguishing between Methanol and Ethanol: Chemical Tests

Understand the differences between methanol and ethanol through chemical reactions and tests to differentiate their organic compounds. Learn to identify them based on iodoform tests and other key reactions.

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Distinguishing between Methanol and Ethanol: Chemical Tests

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  1. DISTINGUISHING TEST BETWEEN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Methanol and Ethanol Ethanol gives iodoformtest.where as methanol does not CH3CH2OH +NaOINaOH,I2CH3CHO+NaI+H2O CH3CHO+3NaOI-CHI3+HCOONa+2NaOH CH3OH+-NaOI---.>No reaction

  2. Etanol and Phenol • Ethanol gives iodofrm test,where as phenol dose not • CH3CH2OH+NaOICHI3+HCOONa+NaOH • C6H5OH+NaOINO reaction • Phenol gives violet colour with FeCl3 • 3C6H5OH+FeCl3(C6H5O)3Fe+3HCl

  3. 1PROPANOL AND 2PROPANOL 2Propanol gives iodoform test but 1 propanol does not CH3 CH3-CH-OH+4i2+6NaOH--CHI3 +CH3COONa + 5NaI +5H2O

  4. 1-Butanol and 2-Butanol 2-Butanol contains CH3CHOH group and gives yellow ppt. with NaOH, I2 (Iodoform test) on the hand 1-Butanol d oes not give yellow ppt. with NaOH,I NaOH,I2 CH3CH CH2 CH3 ---------------- CHI3 OH NaOH,I2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH ----------- NO YELLOW ppt.

  5. 1Propanol and 2-methyl 2 –propanol • 2-Methyl 2-propanol reacts with Lucas reagent . (Anhy.ZnCl2 + HCl ) giving turbidity • Immediately • CH3 CH3 • ZnCl2,HCl CH3- C -OH ------------- CH3-C Cl CH3 CH3

  6. 1Propanol being primary alchol does not produce turbidity • at room temperature • CH3 CH2 CH2OH----------------- NO turbidity at room temperature • ( Lucas reagent)

  7. Ethanol and Benzyl alcohol • These can be distinguished by Iodoform test • Ethanol gives Iodoform test but Benzyl alcohol does not CH3CH2OH +NaOI---------------CH3CHO + H2O +NaI CH3CHO + 3 NaOI ------- CHI3 + HCOONA + 2 NaOH C6H5CH2OH +3NaOI ----No yellow ppt of CHI3

  8. Methanol and phenol • Litmus test Phenol being acidic turn blue litmus red while methanol being neutral • Does not gives this test. • FeCl3 test Phenols gives violet colouration with FeCl3 solution while methanol • Does not. • 3C6H5OH + FeCl3 ---------Fe(OC6H5)3 + 3HCl • (violet complex) • CH3OH + FeCl3 ----- no reaction

  9. Formaldeyhyde and Acetyaldehyde • Formaldehyde gives yellow ppt with an alkaline solution ofiodine • CH3CHO +4NaOH +3I2 ------ CHI3 + HCOONa +3H2O +3Nai • Formaldeyhyde does not give this test.

  10. Acetaldehyde and Acetone • Acetaldehyde gives silver mirror with Tollen;s reagent • CH3CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2OH ----- CH3COONH4 + 2Ag +H2O +3NH3 • Acetone does not give this test • Acetaldehyde gives red ppt with Fehling solutions • CH3CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 +2NaOH --------- CH3COONa +Cu2O +3H2O • [Fehling solution] Red ppt.

  11. Benzaldehyde and ACETALDEHYDE • Acetaldehyde gives yellow ppt. with iodoform(NaOH,I2) While benzaldehyde does not • Give this test. • CH3CHO + 4NaOH + 3I2 ----CHI3 + HCOONa +3H2O +3NaI • Benzal Dehyde does not give this test.

  12. Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone • Benzaldehyde forms silver with ammonical silver nitrate solution(Tollen;s reagent) • Acetophenone does not • C6H5CHO + 2[Ag (NH3)2OH -----C6H5COONH4 + 2Ag 3NH3 +H2O • Acetophenone forms yellow ppt of iodoforrm with alkaline solution of iodine. • Benzaldehyde does not. • C6H5COCH3 +4NaOH + 3I2 --C6H5COONa + CHI3 + 3NaI

  13. 3Pentatone and 2Pentanone • 2Pentatone forms yellow ppt with iodoform but 3Pentatone does not give iodoform test • CH3COCH2CH2CH3 +3I2 +4NaOH --CH3CH2CH2C00Na +CHI3 +3H2O +3NaI • 2Pentatone gives white ppt with sodium bisulphite while 3pentatone does not give. • OH • CH3COCH2CH2CH3 +NaHSO3 -CH3CH2CH2C –SO3Na • CH3

  14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FORMIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID • Formic acid give Tollen;s reagent test. • HCOOH + 2 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + 2 OH- → 2 Ag + CO2 + 2H2O + 4 NH3 • Acetic acid does not give this test

  15. Acetic acid and Acetone • Acetic acid reacts with NaHCO3 To give effervescence due to evoltion of CO2. • CH3COOH + NaHCO3 --- CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 • Acetone does not give effervescence with NaHCO3 • Acetone will react with alkaline solution of iodine to give yellow ppt due to formation of iodoform. • CH3COCH3 + NaOI ---CHI3 + CH3COONa .

  16. Phenol and Benzoic acid • Benzoic acid react with NaHCO3 to give effervescence due to evolution of CO2. • C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 ---- C6H5COONa + H20 + CO2 . • Phenol does not give this test . • Phenol will give violet colour with .FeCl3 solution but Benzoic acid does not give this test. • 3C6H5COOH + FeCl3 ----- (C6H5O)3Fe + 3HCl.

  17. Phenol and Acetic acid • . • Acetic react with NaHCO3 to give effervescence due to evolution of CO2 • CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ------ CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O • Phenol does not give this test • C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 ---- No reaction • Phenol gives violet colour with FeCl3 but acetic acid gives buff coloured ppt. • 3C6H5OH + FeCl3 --(C6H5O)3 + 3HCl • 3CH3COOH + FeCl3 ---.. (CH3COO)3 Fe + 3HCl • Buff ppt

  18. Ethanol and Acetic acid • Aceetic acid give effervescence with NaHCO3due to liberation of CO2 • CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ----CH3COONa + H2O +CO2 • Ethanol gives yellow ppt eith alkaline solution of I2 ,butacetic does not give this test. • NaOH ,I2 • CH3COOH ----------------------- CHI3 + HCOONa

  19. Ethyl amine and Aniline • Azo dye test • Dissolve the compound in conc.HCl and add ice cold solution of HNO2 (NaNO2+dil HCl)) and then add phenol .

  20. Ethyl amine does not give this test .

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