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DISTINGUISHING TEST BETWEEN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

DISTINGUISHING TEST BETWEEN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Methanol and Ethanol Ethanol gives iodoform test.where as methanol does not CH 3 CH 2 OH + NaOI NaOH,I 2 CH3CHO+NaI+H2O CH3CHO+3NaOI-CHI3+HCOONa+2NaOH CH3OH+- NaOI ---.>No reaction. Etanol and Phenol.

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DISTINGUISHING TEST BETWEEN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

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  1. DISTINGUISHING TEST BETWEEN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Methanol and Ethanol Ethanol gives iodoformtest.where as methanol does not CH3CH2OH +NaOINaOH,I2CH3CHO+NaI+H2O CH3CHO+3NaOI-CHI3+HCOONa+2NaOH CH3OH+-NaOI---.>No reaction

  2. Etanol and Phenol • Ethanol gives iodofrm test,where as phenol dose not • CH3CH2OH+NaOICHI3+HCOONa+NaOH • C6H5OH+NaOINO reaction • Phenol gives violet colour with FeCl3 • 3C6H5OH+FeCl3(C6H5O)3Fe+3HCl

  3. 1PROPANOL AND 2PROPANOL 2Propanol gives iodoform test but 1 propanol does not CH3 CH3-CH-OH+4i2+6NaOH--CHI3 +CH3COONa + 5NaI +5H2O

  4. 1-Butanol and 2-Butanol 2-Butanol contains CH3CHOH group and gives yellow ppt. with NaOH, I2 (Iodoform test) on the hand 1-Butanol d oes not give yellow ppt. with NaOH,I NaOH,I2 CH3CH CH2 CH3 ---------------- CHI3 OH NaOH,I2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH ----------- NO YELLOW ppt.

  5. 1Propanol and 2-methyl 2 –propanol • 2-Methyl 2-propanol reacts with Lucas reagent . (Anhy.ZnCl2 + HCl ) giving turbidity • Immediately • CH3 CH3 • ZnCl2,HCl CH3- C -OH ------------- CH3-C Cl CH3 CH3

  6. 1Propanol being primary alchol does not produce turbidity • at room temperature • CH3 CH2 CH2OH----------------- NO turbidity at room temperature • ( Lucas reagent)

  7. Ethanol and Benzyl alcohol • These can be distinguished by Iodoform test • Ethanol gives Iodoform test but Benzyl alcohol does not CH3CH2OH +NaOI---------------CH3CHO + H2O +NaI CH3CHO + 3 NaOI ------- CHI3 + HCOONA + 2 NaOH C6H5CH2OH +3NaOI ----No yellow ppt of CHI3

  8. Methanol and phenol • Litmus test Phenol being acidic turn blue litmus red while methanol being neutral • Does not gives this test. • FeCl3 test Phenols gives violet colouration with FeCl3 solution while methanol • Does not. • 3C6H5OH + FeCl3 ---------Fe(OC6H5)3 + 3HCl • (violet complex) • CH3OH + FeCl3 ----- no reaction

  9. Formaldeyhyde and Acetyaldehyde • Formaldehyde gives yellow ppt with an alkaline solution ofiodine • CH3CHO +4NaOH +3I2 ------ CHI3 + HCOONa +3H2O +3Nai • Formaldeyhyde does not give this test.

  10. Acetaldehyde and Acetone • Acetaldehyde gives silver mirror with Tollen;s reagent • CH3CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2OH ----- CH3COONH4 + 2Ag +H2O +3NH3 • Acetone does not give this test • Acetaldehyde gives red ppt with Fehling solutions • CH3CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 +2NaOH --------- CH3COONa +Cu2O +3H2O • [Fehling solution] Red ppt.

  11. Benzaldehyde and ACETALDEHYDE • Acetaldehyde gives yellow ppt. with iodoform(NaOH,I2) While benzaldehyde does not • Give this test. • CH3CHO + 4NaOH + 3I2 ----CHI3 + HCOONa +3H2O +3NaI • Benzal Dehyde does not give this test.

  12. Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone • Benzaldehyde forms silver with ammonical silver nitrate solution(Tollen;s reagent) • Acetophenone does not • C6H5CHO + 2[Ag (NH3)2OH -----C6H5COONH4 + 2Ag 3NH3 +H2O • Acetophenone forms yellow ppt of iodoforrm with alkaline solution of iodine. • Benzaldehyde does not. • C6H5COCH3 +4NaOH + 3I2 --C6H5COONa + CHI3 + 3NaI

  13. 3Pentatone and 2Pentanone • 2Pentatone forms yellow ppt with iodoform but 3Pentatone does not give iodoform test • CH3COCH2CH2CH3 +3I2 +4NaOH --CH3CH2CH2C00Na +CHI3 +3H2O +3NaI • 2Pentatone gives white ppt with sodium bisulphite while 3pentatone does not give. • OH • CH3COCH2CH2CH3 +NaHSO3 -CH3CH2CH2C –SO3Na • CH3

  14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FORMIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID • Formic acid give Tollen;s reagent test. • HCOOH + 2 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + 2 OH- → 2 Ag + CO2 + 2H2O + 4 NH3 • Acetic acid does not give this test

  15. Acetic acid and Acetone • Acetic acid reacts with NaHCO3 To give effervescence due to evoltion of CO2. • CH3COOH + NaHCO3 --- CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 • Acetone does not give effervescence with NaHCO3 • Acetone will react with alkaline solution of iodine to give yellow ppt due to formation of iodoform. • CH3COCH3 + NaOI ---CHI3 + CH3COONa .

  16. Phenol and Benzoic acid • Benzoic acid react with NaHCO3 to give effervescence due to evolution of CO2. • C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 ---- C6H5COONa + H20 + CO2 . • Phenol does not give this test . • Phenol will give violet colour with .FeCl3 solution but Benzoic acid does not give this test. • 3C6H5COOH + FeCl3 ----- (C6H5O)3Fe + 3HCl.

  17. Phenol and Acetic acid • . • Acetic react with NaHCO3 to give effervescence due to evolution of CO2 • CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ------ CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O • Phenol does not give this test • C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 ---- No reaction • Phenol gives violet colour with FeCl3 but acetic acid gives buff coloured ppt. • 3C6H5OH + FeCl3 --(C6H5O)3 + 3HCl • 3CH3COOH + FeCl3 ---.. (CH3COO)3 Fe + 3HCl • Buff ppt

  18. Ethanol and Acetic acid • Aceetic acid give effervescence with NaHCO3due to liberation of CO2 • CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ----CH3COONa + H2O +CO2 • Ethanol gives yellow ppt eith alkaline solution of I2 ,butacetic does not give this test. • NaOH ,I2 • CH3COOH ----------------------- CHI3 + HCOONa

  19. Ethyl amine and Aniline • Azo dye test • Dissolve the compound in conc.HCl and add ice cold solution of HNO2 (NaNO2+dil HCl)) and then add phenol .

  20. Ethyl amine does not give this test .

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