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Distinguishing between organic compounds

Learn how to distinguish between common colorless organic compounds by comparing properties and conducting simple tests. Explore questions to ask and tests to perform for alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, alkenes, and esters. Discover methods like mixing with water, reacting with magnesium, halogens, oxidants, and more.

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Distinguishing between organic compounds

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  1. Distinguishing betweenorganic compounds • Organic substances can look the same – you must be able to distinguish between common compounds by comparing their properties and performing simple tests. 12 Chemistry 2.2 organic chemistry CR 07

  2. Common compounds • Alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, alkenes, esters • - all colourless liquids! • How could you distinguish between them?? 12 Chemistry 2.2 organic chemistry CR 07

  3. Alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, alkenes, esters • Questions you could ask: • Is it flammable? • Is it miscible with water? • Does it react with an oxidant? • Does it react with halogens? • Does it smell? • Does it behave as an acid? 12 Chemistry 2.2 organic chemistry CR 07

  4. Alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, alkenes, esters • Mix with water 12 Chemistry 2.2 organic chemistry CR 07

  5. Alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, alkenes, esters • Add magnesium 12 Chemistry 2.2 organic chemistry CR 07

  6. Alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, alkenes, esters • Add Br2 clear 12 Chemistry 2.2 organic chemistry CR 07

  7. Alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, alkenes, esters • Add Cr2O72-/H+ 12 Chemistry 2.2 organic chemistry CR 07

  8. Alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, alkenes, esters • Carefully smell 12 Chemistry 2.2 organic chemistry CR 07

  9. Alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, alkenes, esters • Carefully ignite – not necessary as other tests will identify them 12 Chemistry 2.2 organic chemistry CR 07

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