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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the perspective of fighting corruption and the role of audit and anti-corruption institutions: Sharing UNDP’s global experiences and lesson learned By Anga Timilsina, Programme Manager UNDP Global Anti-corruption Initiative (GAIN)

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  1. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the perspective of fighting corruption and the role of audit and anti-corruption institutions: Sharing UNDP’s global experiences and lesson learned By Anga Timilsina, Programme Manager UNDP Global Anti-corruption Initiative (GAIN) 15 December 2016, Santiago, Chile

  2. Background: Where are we globally in terms of fighting corruption? SDGs from the perspective of fighting corruption The role of audit and anti-corruption institutions tin the context of the SDGs and fighting corruption Outline

  3. Global context: Are we winning or losing the battle against corruption

  4. Dridi (2014): A unit increase in corruption reduces school enrolment rates by almost 10 percentage points. World Bank, up to 80 % of non-salary health funds never reach local facilities; WHO: about 6 % (over US$300 billion) of global health exp lost to corruption

  5. Gloomy picture in terms of success in fighting corruption?

  6. Trends in governance progress over a decade

  7. Winning or losing the battle against corruption: • Depends on who you ask (Academia vs. practitioners) • Depends on how you define and measure success (corruption vs. advocacy & awareness; corruption a moving target) • In econometrics, usually the null hypothesis is a statement of 'no effect' or 'no difference’ • Evaluating success of AC is similar to evaluating the overall development effectiveness (e.g., governance reform – a long term process)

  8. Overall: significant progress, but challenges still remain on anti-corruption Progress Challenges Huge gap between laws, policies and their enforcement (AC laws, access to info law, Conflict of Interest, asset declaration, private sector) Two communities: anti-corruption and development Integration of AC in national development processes Role of SAIs/ACAs on monitoring services is still weak (quantity vs. quality monitoring) Progress on civil society, private sector engagement not quite there • Increased global advocacy; transparency movement (open data; Open government, access to information) • UNCAC, regional instruments; AC policies, legislations, institutions • Proliferation of technology, connectivity, networks • Panama papers/IIFs and need for collective action • Corruption part of development discourse (no longer a taboo)

  9. Procurement, construction, private sector, conflict of interest foreign bribery offences

  10. Overall: significant progress, but challenges still remain on anti-corruption Progress Challenges Huge gap between laws, policies and their enforcement (AC laws, access to info law, Conflict of Interest, asset declaration) Two communities: anti-corruption and development Integration of AC in national development processes Role of SAIs/ACAs on monitoring services is still weak (quantity vs. quality monitoring) Progress on civil society, private sector engagement not quite there • Increased global advocacy; transparency movement (open data; Open government, access to information) • UNCAC, regional instruments; AC policies, legislations, institutions • Proliferation of technology, connectivity, networks • Panama papers/IIFs and need for collective action • Corruption part of development discourse (no longer a taboo)

  11. “Missing middle” problem still exists in bringing together the governance/anti-corruption and development agendas (UNCAC implementation, SDG implementation) parliament ACCs Anti-corruption Audits Line minstries Budget, planning ministry SDGs

  12. Overall: significant progress, but challenges still remain on anti-corruption Progress Challenges Huge gap between laws, policies and their enforcement (AC laws, access to info law, Conflict of Interest, asset declaration) Two communities: anti-corruption and development Integration of AC in national development processes Role of SAIs/ACAs on monitoring services is still weak (quantity vs. quality monitoring) Progress on civil society, private sector engagement not quite there • Increased global advocacy; transparency movement (open data; Open government, access to information) • UNCAC, regional instruments; AC policies, legislations, institutions • Proliferation of technology, connectivity, networks • Panama papers/IIFs and need for collective action • Corruption part of development discourse (no longer a taboo)

  13. Gaps specifically related to audit and anti-corruption institutions Issue of right model/mandates to fight corruption: Multi-agency model vs, one powerful institutions (prevention vs. enforcement) Issue of independence: Do we an independent audit, anti-corruption institution to be effective? (e.g., Nepal; Chile, Singapore) Issue of capacity (e.g., sectoral audits), resources, national anti-corruption strategies; local level engagement; coordination is easier said than done

  14. SDGs from the perspective of fighting corruption From MDGs to SDGs: Very encouraging (because of Goal 16 & anti-corruption targets) Global indicators; national indicators; monitoring mechanisms, etc. Compared to the MDGs, many countries moving faster: “glocalization”, national alignment, localization, institutional mapping, global + national indicators, monitoring mechanisms, multi-stakeholder consultations Gaps: Prioritization; measurement and monitoring (16 case studies)

  15. Moving forward: Audit and anti-corruption institution should • Take the ownership of Goal 16 (specially anti-corruption targets: 15.5 and 15.6: measurement/mainstreaming) (Anti-corruption is not just about Goal 16, it’s about all SDGs) • Play important role to monitor the SDGs: • Becoming part of Goal 17 • SDG audits, budget audits (e.g. Coordinated audits of OLACEFs) • Performance auditing of the institutional framework for fighting corruption (e.g., INTOSAI, ACRC) • Linking AC strategies with SDG strategies (“Breaking silos, working cross-sectors”)

  16. “What gets measured gets managed” • 16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms • 16.5.1 Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months • 16.5.2 Proportion of businesses that had at least one contact with a public official and that paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials during the previous 12 months • 16.6 Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels • 16.6.1 Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or by budget codes or similar) • 16.6.2 Proportion of the population satisfied with their last experience of public services

  17. Thank you !

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