Understanding the Parts

1. Understanding the Parts Chapter 2

2. Announcements • Textbooks will be available on Thursday 1/24 • Chapter 1 Homework: Due 2/04 • Windows 7 Simulator • Homework 1 • Chapter 2 Homework: Due 2/04

3. Objectives • Functions of a Computer • Data vs. Information • Bits & Bytes • Input Devices • Output Devices • Processing • Storage • Ergonomics

4. Functions of a Computer • Computers are perfect. They do exactly what programmers tell them to do. • Four major functions • Gather data • Process data • Output data • Store data

5. Data vs. Information • Data: Representation of a fact, figure, or idea • Information: Organized, meaningful data

6. Bits & Bytes • Bit: Binary Digit • (21) 2 bits that are either 0 or 1 • Bit Strings • Nibble: (22) 4 bits • Byte: (23) 8 bits • Kilobyte: (210) 1024 bits • Megabyte: (220) 1,048,576 bits • Gigabyte: (230) 1,073,741,824 bits • Terabyte: (240) 1,099,511,627,776 bits

7. Binary • Counting in binary • Binary math • Addition • Multiplication by 2

8. Counting in Binary

9. Counting in Binary • You try it: • 1000 = ? • 0101 = ? • 1111 = ?

10. Counting to 10

11. Binary Addition • Same as regular addition • Max value in a spot is 1 (instead of 9 in decimal) 1 1 1 1001 +0110 1111 0101 +0110 1011 1101 +0110 10011

12. Binary Addition • You try it: • 11 + 11 = ? • 0111 + 0001 = ? • 1100 + 1100 = ?

13. Binary Multiplication by 2 • Simply shift the values to the left and insert a zero from the left 01 = 1 (Original Number) 01 (Shift Left) 010 = 2 (Insert a zero) 1011 = 11 (Original Number) 1011 (Shift Left) 10110 = 22 (Insert a zero)

14. Binary Multiplication by 2 • You try it: • 011 * 2 = ? • 0100 * 2 = ? • 1111 * 2 = ?

15. Optional: More Binary • http://www.masteringcs.com

16. Computer Hardware • The tangible parts of a computer • Chassis • Display • Keyboard • Mouse/Touchpad • Camera • CPU

17. Computer Software • A list of instructions for the computer hardware to perform • Operating System • Windows, iOS, Linux, Android, Embedded • Application Software • Microsoft Word, Photoshop, Firefox, Safari, World of Warcraft, Call of Duty

18. Types of Computers • Fixed • Desktop • Server • Portable • Laptop • Tablet • Smartphone

19. Types of Computers • Mainframe • Supports many users, hundreds to several thousands or more, simultaneously • Supercomputer • Perform complex calculations using a large number of computers connected together

20. Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse • Touch • Scanner • Microphone • Camera • Stylus

21. Keyboards Laser Projected Keyboard Flexible Keyboard

22. Mice

23. Other Input Devices

24. Output Devices • Printer • Display • Audio

25. Printers • Dot Matrix • Inkjet • Laser • Thermal • Plotters

26. Printers • Distinguishing Features: • Speed (Pages Per Minute) • Resolution (DPI) • Color/B&W • Format (8.5x11, 11x17)

27. Display Types • CRT • Cathode Ray Tube • LCD • Liquid Crystal Display • LED • Light Emitting Diode • OLED • Organic Light Emitting Diode • AMOLED • Active-Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode

28. Display Types • Factors that distinguish monitors • Size: Measured in inches across the diagonal • Refresh Rate: How fast the display can change the color of a pixel. Expressed in milliseconds. • DPI: Dots Per Inch. How many pixels can fit inside a square inch. • Resolution: Total number of pixels in the horizontal direction and vertical direction. Described as HxV (ex. 1920x1080 has 1920 pixels horizontally and 1080 pixels vertically). • Aspect ratio: The relationship of horizontal pixels to vertical pixels. • Viewing Angle: The earliest angle at which the screen is no longer visible. • Contrast Ratio: Expressed as a ratio • Brightness: Expressed in cd/m2

29. Display Types • Liquid Crystal Display • Liquid Crystal controls how much of a certain color can shine through. • Uses three primary colors, Red, Green, and Blue, to create up to 16M colors.

30. Ports • PS/2 • Display • eSATA • USB • Ethernet • Audio • Power

31. Motherboard • Provides a centralized system for the parts of a computer to communicate with eachother

32. CPU • The “brain” of the computer • Controls communication between devices • Performs all arithmetic functions

33. RAM • Random Access Memory • Volatile – Does not persist when there is no power.

34. Hard Drive • Magnetic Storage Device • Non-Volatile Storage – Data storage persists across reboots. • Very inexpensive storage • Stores information on physical “platters” that spin.

35. Solid State Storage • Non-Volatile • Currently still rather expensive ($0.70 to $1.00+ per MB) • ~20x more expensive than traditional hard drives • Random Access

36. Optical Storage • Optical (Laser) storage devices • Characterized by a disk that rotates and is read by a laser • Storage capacity is fixed, rotational speed is not • Can be dual layer and/or double sided • CD – Compact Disc • DVD – Digital Video/Versatile Disc • HD-DVD – High Definition DVD • Blu-ray

37. CD • Holds 700MB of data • 1x speed = 200 RPM to 500 RPM • Maximum rotational speed is 52x (~10,000 rpm) or 180MPH

38. DVD • 1995 • Primarily driven by the need for something better than VHS • Same technology as CD, just smaller

39. HD-DVD & Blu-ray • HD-DVD • Format competed with Blu-ray and was retired in 2008 • Blu-ray • Developed by Sony • Replaces DVDs as the standard for video

40. Optical Drive Comparison

41. Dual Layer • The laser can be altered to read information hidden behind the first layer.

42. Ergonomics • Minimizing injury or discomfort while using the computer • Involves special hardware: • Keyboards • Mice • Desks • Chairs