Outline

1. Colorectal Cancer Survivorshipin Rural Communities: Assessment and Plan DevelopmentApril 19, 2007Eugene J. Lengerich, VMD, MSAssociate ProfessorEpidemiology Division, Department of Public Health Sciences Department of Health Policy and Administration Penn State UniversityDirector, Community Outreach and Education Penn State Cancer Institute

2. Outline • Background • Methods • Preliminary Results • Limitations, Discussion, and Acknowledgements

3. The Appalachia Community Cancer NetworkSupported by the National Cancer Institute’sCenter to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities1 U01 CA114622 (2005-2010) ACCN - Appalachian Areas of 7 States (KY, MD, NY, OH, PA, VA, WV)

5. Background National Guidance • Lance Armstrong Foundation and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • A National Action Plan for Cancer Survivorship: Advancing Public Health Strategies • Institute of Medicine • From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition • President’s Cancer Panel • Living Beyond Cancer: Finding a New Balance State Comprehensive Cancer Control • Pennsylvania • New York

6. Northern Appalachia Cancer Network,A Region of the Appalachia Community Cancer Network Setting • Appalachia • 52 Counties in Pennsylvania • 14 Counties in New York • Largely rural • Increased poverty • Limited access to health care • Began in 1992 Approach • Community-based participatory research (CBPR) • Evidence-based strategies • Advisory Committee • Academic, state (PA and NY), professional and community members

7. 2006 Community Planning Grant from the Lance Armstrong Foundationwith support from the Penn State Cancer Institute Objectives • Facilitate CRC screening by coalitions and partnerships • Assist coalitions and partnerships to improve CRC survivorship • Prepare for community-based participatory research in CRC survivorship

8. Specific Aims • Increase the CRC survivorship-related knowledge and beliefs of teams of three members from each of six local cancer coalitions or partnerships • Create a local CRC survivorship plan, including a resource directory, to address local barriers and enhance CRC survivorship in the communities represented by the six teams

9. Significance Test • a local approach to complement national and state cancer control plans Equip • rural coalitions and partnerships in CRC survivorship (and screening) Enable • community-based participatory research on CRC survivorship in rural communities

10. Methods

11. Design • Design: • Pre-post, multi-level, community intervention study • CBPR approach • Outcomes: • Individual-level:Knowledge and beliefs in public health and CRC-survivorship among individual members of coalitions and partnerships • Community-level:Presence and content of community plans and resource directories for CRC survivorship • Analysis • Change in knowledge and beliefs – McNemar’s test (p<0.05) • Content analysis by multiple reviewers (n=3)

12. Study Schema Technical Assistance from NACN / PSCI / ACS Recruit and Prepare (Proposed 6 coalitions) Train on Colorectal Cancer Survivorship and Process for Plan Development (Conference 1: May 2006) Present CRC Survivorship Plans and Resource Directory (Conference 2: October 2006) Disseminate, Implement, and Research Assess Barriers & Needs; Develop Plan ASSESSMENT Public health and survivorship knowledge and beliefs ASSESSMENT Knowledge and beliefs; Survivorship Plans and Resource Directories Revised 5/11/06

13. PRECEDE-PROCEED Planning Model Starts with outcomes and works back to strategies Assessment= PRECEDE Community Intervention= PROCEED

14. Possible Assessment Methods Coalition/Hospital Discussions Key-informant interviews Survivor interviews Community forum Focus groups Survey

15. Preliminary Results

16. Participation Recruited • 11 coalitions (8 in PA; 3 in NY) and 4 hospitals (all in PA) • 32 individuals at initial conference (range 1-4 per coalition/hospital) • MD’s; RN’s; Health Educators • Hospital Administrators • Survivors Completed • 11 coalitions and 3 hospitals (93.3%) • 16 of 32 individuals at initial conference returned to second conference (50.0%)

17. 1McNemar’s Test. 2Statistically significant increase at long-term assessment

18. Assessment MethodsUsed by Coalitions/Hospitals

19. Community Barriers to CRC Survivorship • Lack of transportation (n=11; 79%) • Lack of psychosocial care (n=8; 57%) • Low level of knowledge of community information and resources (n=7; 50%) • Lack of ability to pay and coverage with health insurance (n=7; 50%) • Lack of access to medical/surgical care (n=5; 36%)

20. Previously Unknown Resourcesin the Community • Psychosocial care (n=10; 71%) • Medical/surgical care (n=4; 29%) • Transportation (n=3; 21%) • Financial and insurance assistance (n=3; 21%)

21. Contents of the Plans • Public knowledge of community resources (n=13; 93%) • Public access to community resources (n=8; 57%) • Public knowledge about CRC treatment and side effects (n=5; 36%) • Payment/insurance for CRC treatment and care (n=4; 29%) • Public knowledge about screening guidelines (n=4; 29%) • Provider knowledge about screening guidelines (n=3; 21%) • Access to psychosocial care for CRC (n=3; 21%)

22. Posters and Abstracts At The Third Annual Summit of thePennsylvania Cancer Control Consortium • Posters • Coalition for People Against Cancer (CPAC) (Clearfield County) • Indiana County Cancer Coalition • Abstracts • Elk County Cancer and Tobacco Education Coalition • Lawrence County Cancer Coalition • York Cancer Center

23. Limitations • Reliance upon donated time and resources • Capacity and process measures • Assessment methods were not mandated • CRC survivorship issues were broadened by some participants to be general cancer survivorship issues

24. Summary • Surpassed aims, with a high response rate • Increased knowledge of key community members • Conducted 14 community assessments • Identified barriers and previously unknown resources • Developed community plans and resource directories • Employed methods of CBPR and PRECEDE-PROCEED • Linked CRC screening to survivorship issues

25. ACTION Health Colorectal Cancer Task Force (Columbia, Montour, Northumberland, Snyder, and Union Counties) (PA) Chautauqua County Partners for Prevention (NY) Coalition for People Against Cancer (CPAC) (Clearfield County) (PA) Crawford County Cancer Coalition (PA) Delaware County Cancer Coalition (NY) Elk County Cancer and Tobacco Education Coalition (PA) Greene County Cancer Coalition (PA) Indiana County Cancer Coalition (PA) Lancaster General Hospital (PA) Lawrence County Cancer Coalition (PA) Mount Nittany Medical Center (PA) Wellness Council of the Southern Tier (NY) Wyoming County Cancer/Tobacco Coalition (PA) York Cancer Center (PA) CRC Survivorship Coalitionsand Hospitals

26. NACN Regina Allen Marcy Bencivenga Brenda Kluhsman Eugene Lengerich Community Coalitions Marcia Anderson PSCI Community Outreach and Education Diane Sheehan CRC Survivor Mary Beth Miele American Cancer Society Deirdre Weaver Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Laura Zauderer Lance Armstrong Foundation Haley Justice PSCI Survivorship Program Elana Farace PSU Continuing Education Bonnie Bixler CRC Survivorship Planning Committee

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