THE BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

1. THE BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION Industrial Revolution What was the IndustrialRevolution? • Increase in reliablemachines and machine madegoods Where and Why did it happen? Where: In England Why:

2. 1. AgriculturalRevolution • Enclosures– large public pastures were enclosedby fences for privateland - forces many smallfarmers to move to cities to work JethroTull – invents the seeddrill – more food productionallows people to workother jobs 2. England had naturalresources - England had coal, iron, rivers, harbors, etc...

3. 3. Strong Economy - Central bank system (gives loans) - Government was well established 4. England had needed factors of production - land, labor, and capital (wealth)

4. Inventions Spur Industrialization Changes in the Textile Industry • The flyingshuttle and spinningjenny speed up clothproduction from cotton

5. The waterframe used water power to drive spinning wheels

6. In 1793 American inventor EliWhitney invents the cottongin – machine that removedseeds from cotton • These machines were too big to put in houses so the first factories were built

7. Improvements in Transportation • JamesWatt – improves the steamengine in 1765 – becomes major source of power • RobertFulton – buys a steam engine from Watt and builds a steamboat in America • The steam engine leads to the creation of the steam-drivenrailroad locomotive

8. INDUSTRIALIZATION(Ch.25 Sec.2 p.723-726) Industrialization Changes Life • As factories became larger, cities began to grow with the increase of jobseekers - Urbanization – building of cities and movementof peopleto cities • Many English cities, especially London, experienced a booming population

9. Living Conditions • Because cities grew so rapidly, living conditionsbecame poor - Families lived in dark, dirty shelters, usually with only onebedroom - Cities had no sanitationcodes and garbagepiled up in the streets - Diseases like cholera killed many in urban slums - Average lifespan in a large city was 17years

10. Working Conditions • Factory workers on average worked14 hours a day, 6days a week • Factories were often dirty and poorlylit • Many workers were injured from dangerousmachines

11. Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution 1. Created jobs 2. Encouraged technologicalprogress 3. Cheaper massproduced items (clothing) 4. Better housing 5. Workers eventually gain better working conditions, higher wages, and shorter hours