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Reformation

This article explores the influence of the Italian Renaissance on the Reformation, specifically the Christian Humanist movement and the corruption in the Catholic Church. It also discusses the key figures of the Reformation, such as Desiderius Erasmus and Martin Luther, and their teachings. Additionally, it examines the spread of Luther's ideas, the formation of the Lutheran Church, and the political and religious implications of the Reformation.

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Reformation

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  1. Reformation “What must I do to be saved?”

  2. Impact of Renaissance Italian Renaissance started a movement: Christian Humanism • Major goal was the reform of Christianity • Believed in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves • Thought if people read the Classics and basic Christian texts people would become more pious

  3. What does pious mean? • “Having or showing a dutiful spirit of reverence for God or an earnest wish to fulfill religious obligations” • Christian Humanists thought inner piety would bring about a reform of the church

  4. So, • Believed people should read • Believed people would become good from reading • So, they supported schools *In order to CHANGE the church needed to change the humans who made up the church!

  5. Desiderius Erasmus • An EXAMPLE of a Christian Humanist • Gave up being a monk- wandered Europe • Spread the Philosophy of Christ

  6. Philosophy of Christ Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis Inward feelings of religion = Important External forms = Not important Wrote “The Praise of The Folly”

  7. Other Critics John Wycliffe of England & Jan Hus - Denied that the Pope had the right to worldly powers -Bible had more authority than Church leaders

  8. Corruption In Catholic Church • Between 1450-1520 popes are referred to as the “Renaissance Popes” • Too concerned with Italian politics • Julius II = “warrior Pope” who personally led armies against his enemies • Popes were patrons of art and architecture

  9. Clergy also preoccupied by money… To increase revenue, many took on more than one job = PLURALISM This led to absenteeism

  10. Salvation • The Catholic Church believed to get to heaven you needed to: • Have Faith- meaning being a good Catholic (pray, go to Church, etc.) • Do good Work • During the Renaissance, people also believed they could buy relics or indulgences

  11. M A R T I N L U T H E R Was a professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg

  12. Salvation (According to Luther) According to Luther, humans were powerless in the eyes of God Therefore they could NEVER do enough good works to get into heaven To Luther, humans are saved through: Faith ALONE

  13. Luther’s Teachings • Taught that salvation happened from FAITH ALONE • Bible = chief guide to religious truths • Disagreed with Johann Tetzel who once said: “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.”

  14. October 31, 1517 • Martin Luther posted 95 Theses to a castle door in Wittenberg • Criticized indulgences!

  15. Reaction of Pope Leo

  16. Spread… • Thousands of copies spread throughout Germany: http://www.economist.com/node/21541719 http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/12/social-media-16th-century • Luther began a break: Attacked the sacraments -Kept baptism & Lord’s supper Allowed clergy to marry

  17. Now the Pope is mad… • Church excommunicates Luther • Brought before legislative assembly of Roman Empire (headed by Charles V) • Charles V passed the Edict of Worms

  18. Edict of Worms • Martin Luther= an outlaw • His works are to be burned • Luther should be captured

  19. Luther’s ideas start a Revolution….

  20. Groups… Fill in Charts!

  21. Catholic Faith Do Good Work During Renaissance: Buying indulgences Buying relics Lutheran Faith Path to Salvation

  22. Catholic Bible Pope/ Priests Lutheran Bible Source of Truth

  23. Catholic 7 Sacraments Lutheran 2 Sacraments Baptism Communion Sacraments

  24. Catholic Gothic Cathedrals Large, dramatic, art Lutheran Simple Design of Church

  25. Catholic No Lutheran Yes Can Priests Marry?

  26. After Worms…. • Luther begins to break away…. • He is no longer reforming the Catholic Church- new Lutheran Church is developing

  27. New religious services… • Worship service consisted of: • Bible readings • Preaching the word of God • Song Masses held in simple churches, no longer in Latin- very plain!

  28. Martin Luther gets married! Not Luther or Katerina!

  29. In Germany… • Rulers motivated by: • Converted to Lutheran and took control of churches and land • Lutheran Churches became state churches *Political leaders not the pope held the last word

  30. Spread not all easy… Look at your group work… Peasant War in Germany Charles V Peace of Augsburg

  31. Peace of Augsburg • The ruler determines the religion for the state • Why does this matter? • There are religious options! • Lutheran (as a religion) is formally accepted

  32. In England…

  33. King of England vs. Church Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon • Henry VIII (Catholic) wants to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon (Catholic) • Normally the Pope would grant an annulment, but Catherine is the AUNT of Charles V MARY

  34. Church Said No? • Henry, furious, gets Parliament to rule that the King of England was supreme • This Parliament was known as the Reformation Parliament

  35. Married Anne Boleyn Elizabeth

  36. Act of Supremacy • Henry is the head of the Church Of England • Anglican Church

  37. The Six Wives of Henry VIII To satisfy his desires and to secure a male heir, Henry married six times: • CATHERINE OF ARAGONmarriage was annulled 1533. • ANNE BOLEYNwho was executed and her daughter Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. • JANE SEYMOURwho died in 1537 after giving birth to Edward VI. • ANNE OF CLEVES(who Henry married sight unseen) but the marriage was annulled by Parliament • CATHERINE HOWARD was beheaded for adultery in 1542. • CATHERINE PARRsurvived him. Song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRiF_kIJFC0

  38. Edward VI (1547-1553) When Henry died, his son Edward VI rules. He was only ten years old! England fully enacted the Protestant Reformation. • Act Of Uniformity • Book of Common Prayer • Images and altars were removed from the churches in 1550.

  39. Mary I (1553-1558) In 1553, Mary succeeded Edward Attempted to restore Catholic doctrine and practice. Bloody Mary

  40. Elizabeth I (1558-1603) • Ascended throne in 1558 • Resolved religious disputes • Act of Supremacy • Single • Phillip II (Spain) *1588 Spanish Armada* England wins!!!!! • Video: https://www.biography.com/people/queen-elizabeth-i-9286133

  41. (Daughter: Mary) (Daughter: Elizabeth) (Son: Edward VI)

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