1 / 19

Reformation

Reformation. Attempts to reform the Catholic Church Key Reformers: Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII. Martin Luther www.educ.msu.edu/homepages/laurence/reformation/Luther/Martin%20Luther.gif. Born in 1483 Studied law Struck by lightening = Fear of damnation, becoming Augustinian Monk

ruby-hartman
Download Presentation

Reformation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Reformation • Attempts to reform the Catholic Church • Key Reformers: • Martin Luther • John Calvin • Henry VIII

  2. Martin Lutherwww.educ.msu.edu/homepages/laurence/reformation/Luther/Martin%20Luther.gif • Born in 1483 • Studied law • Struck by lightening = Fear of damnation, becoming Augustinian Monk • Becomes Professor at University of Wittenberg • In turmoil over church teachings of sins and relation to good works

  3. Balancing Act Good Works Sins www.indianwomenonline.com/womenhome/Serious/images/justice.gif

  4. Luther’s Teachings • 95 Theses (Nailed to Door of Church in Wittenberg) • Basic ideas found in 95 Theses • Justification by Faith Alone – goes against Catholic teachings of Faith and Good Works • Against sale of Indulgences – pardons of sins sold by the Church • Protest against the abuse of papal authority • Challenge to the Pope: If he controls purgatory, why not empty it for free • Denial of extra merit theory for Indulgences

  5. Government/Religious Conflict • City – Wittenberg • Kingdom of Saxony – Duke Frederick • Holy Roman Empire – Holy Roman Emperor – Charles V • All church monies went to Rome Reaction of The Church/Government Denunciation Diet of Augsburg Debate with Johann Eck Diet of Worms – Charles V Excommunicated in 1521 – life in danger Kidnapped by Duke Frederick for his safety Against violence of movement – denounces peasant uprising

  6. Reforms within the Lutheran Church • Money once gone to Rome would stay in home country • Seven sacraments to two (Baptism and Holy Eucharist) • Vernacular Liturgy • Bible is supreme authority in all matters of faith • Universal Priesthood of All Believers • Marriage of clergy

  7. John Calvinwww.ignatiushistory.info/00842.jpg • Begins reform in church in Switzerland • Believed as Luther in scripture and faith • Salvation by grace • Added Predestination • Belief that God has known from beginning of time whether or not we would go to heaven, nothing we can do or not do • Theocracy • Calvin believed that it was necessary for Church and religion to play a major role in the government • Liturgy • Calvin believed that Liturgy (ceremonies) took away from the true meaning of the worship of God

  8. What type of Calvinist am I? • Huguenots – French Calvinists • Presbyterian - Scottish Calvinists • Puritan – English Calvinist

  9. Huldrych Zwinglidemo.lutherproductions.com/historytutor/basic/reformation/people/images/zwingli.jpg • Began reforms in early 1500’s • Influenced by writings by Erasmus • Like Luther in many ways except for church décor – wanted plain

  10. Henry VIIIwww.monkeyview.net/id/246/uk_2002/Hnery_VIII.jpg • Second Tudor king of England • Pro-Catholic church during early days of the Protestant Reformation • Pope refers to him as a “Defender of the Faith” • Henry calls Luther “a limb of the devil” • Henry is married to Catherine of Aragon – devout Catholic and a …Hapsburg – the family line of the Holy Roman Emperor, her nephew, Charles V

  11. Catherine’s Problem • Birthed five children, one survives, a girl named Mary • Henry fears death without heir, wants son • Henry’s Move • Petition the Pope for annulment • Pope denies the annulment • Henry is peeved and goes before Parliament to pass the Act of Supremacy, which gives the power over all churches in England to the King • Thus as the head of the Church in England, Henry grants himself a divorce and then marries Anne Boleyn

  12. John Knoxwww.electricscotland.com/history/other/images/John%20Knox.gif • Bring Calvinism to Scotland • Church will be governed by elders call Presbyters – led to formation of the Presbyterian Church (Baptists)

  13. Knox in Scotland • 1567 – Protestant noble led by Knox overthrow the Catholic queen of Scotland (Mary Stuart) in a bloodless revolt • Revolutionaries place Mary’s one-year old son James on the throne as a symbolic gesture (James VI)

  14. Johannes Gutenbergwww.chaco.gov.ar/cultura/Medios/historia/gutem.jpg • Created the Printing Press around 1450 • Effect of Printing Press • Allowed for mass printing of: • Books • Broadsides • Books made cheaper and quicker • Allows knowledge to spread quicker and to a wider range of areas • People become more literate

  15. Catholic Reformation / Counter Reformation • Pope Paul III • Works to bring about spiritual revival to the Catholic Church • Brought the Inquisition to Rome in 1478 • Different than Spanish Inquisition – less punishment based and more unifying • Calls meeting of Catholic church leaders in 1545

  16. Council of TrentMajor Doctrines • Pope’s interpretation of the Bible was final. • Alternate interpretation = heresy • Christians are saved by faith and good works • The Bible and Church tradition shared equal authority for guiding a Christian’s life • Indulgences, pilgrimages, and venerations of holy relics were all valid expressions of Christian piety. • False selling of indulgences was banned

  17. Ignatius de Loyolawww.companysj.com/v191/ignatius.jpg • Worked to stop Reformation by strengthening Catholicism • Founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1534 • Work to spread Catholicism through education

  18. Consequences of the Reformation • Less toleration of differing religions/denominations • Appearance of many different types of churches in Europe • Strong interest in education • Increased power for national governments

  19. go.hrw.com/venus_images/0317MC14.gif

More Related