Reformation

1. Reformation TEK 5B: Explain the political, intellectual, artistic, economic, and religious impacts of the Reformation

2. Warm Up: • 1. Explain how a push for arts and education will impact the rebirth of ideas during the Renaissance. • 2. Explain how the change in politics and economics took place during the Renaissance differing from past time periods such as the Middle Ages.

3. Sale of Indulgences 3. Describe what the selling of indulgences are in the Roman Catholic church during the Reformation.

4. Martin Luther (1483-1546) X

5. Martin Luther • Luther troubled by the sale of indulgences • Dominican friar Tetzel was selling indulgences in Wittenberg in 1517 • Luther posts his 95 theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517 with his complaints • Luther slowly but surely is drawn into a heated debate

6. Martin Luther - Older • Pope pays little attention to the Luther at first • Luther attacks the Pope and his bull of excommunication • Luther goes into hiding in 1521 -- “A Mighty Fortress is our God” • Constraints against the spread of Luther’s ideas • The Protestant Reformation further divided Germany Martin Luther’s Lutheran Church in Wittenberg, Germany

7. Luther’s Teachings • “Sola Fidei” (Salvation by Faith Alone by God’s Grace) • “Sola Scriptura” (Authority of the Scriptures Alone) --Luther’s German Translation of the New Testament • The Priesthood of All Believers --Peasant Revolt of 1525 • All Vocations are pleasing to God • Some latent Catholicism 4. What is Martin Luther’s core belief?

8. The Spread of Lutheranism X

9. The Peasant Revolt - 1525 X

10. John Calvin (1509-1564) • John Calvin’s leadership in Geneva from 1541-1564 • Geneva became the model Protestant training center • Stress on order and rigorous adherence to God’s law • A “Quasi-theocracy” • Very austere religion practiced in Geneva • Self-discipline and the “Protestant Work Ethic”

11. Background • A scholar like Luther • More of a systematic thinker than Luther • Early legal training • Clear-cut moral directives for living • Relied on Scripture and Augustine primarily for his ideas

12. John Calvin’s Teachings • Predestination • The right of rebellion --English Civil War • More of a stress on works than Luther • Divine calling to all sorts of vocations • The “invisibility” of the True Church • Government serves the Church --Michael Servetus • Just war position • Calvin’s positions on communion and baptism 5. What is John Calvin core belief?

13. Calvin’s World in the 16c X

14. 6. Complete the Venn Diagram Martin Luther vs. John Calvin Calvin: • Predestination • Government should be controlled by religious leaders • Self discipline (doing good works) • Luther: • Salvation by Faith Alone through God’s grace • Troubled by sale of indulgences • 95 theses • Both: • Scholars • Protestants

15. Results of the Reformation • The relationship between politics and religion became strained, and the political influence of the Catholic Church weakened. • With the churches authority decreasing the power of the monarchs increased.

16. Results of Reformation • Political stability valued over religious truth • Calvinism boosted the commercial revolution • Witch craze swept Europe in the 1600’s --Between 1561-1670, 3000 people in Germany, 9000 people in Switzerland and 1000 people in England were executed as witches • Possible reasons for this witchcraft craze

17. 7. Exit Ticket Day 1: List the significant events from the life of the German monk Martin Luther. At least 5 events

18. Reformation Part 2 • Church and Kings in Conflict

19. Warm Up • 1. Explain why there is a sudden shift from the church’s authority due to education and arts.

20. England - Henry VIII – Tudor House • Notion of the Renaissance Prince • Recent War of the Roses created a sense of political instability for the Tudor dynasty --Henry VIII • The significance of a male heir to the Tudors

21. X

22. Queen Catherine of Aragon • Gave birth to a daughter, Mary • Sent away for the sake of Anne Boleyn • Henry 17, Catherine 23 • Married for 24 years Outcome: Divorced Daughter, Mary

23. Act of Supremacy • Henry secretly married Anne Boleyn in 1533 and Parliament legalized Henry’s divorce of Catherine. • In 1534 Henry breaks with the pope and created the Act of Supremacy which made the English king and not the pope the official head of England’s Church How does the Act of Supremacy in 1534 reflect the era during the Renaissances?

24. Queen Anne Boleyn • Henry 41, Anne 32 • Very Tricky • Gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth • Accused of adultery Outcome: Beheaded Daughter, Elizabeth

25. Queen Jane Seymour • Henry 45, Jane 28 • Very Pretty • Gave birth to Edward – he died at age 6 • Died shortly after childbirth Outcome: Died son, Edward

26. Queen Anne of Cleves • Henry 47, Anne 24 • German Princess • Young and ugly • Blind arranged marriage • Bad body odor • Married only a few months Outcome: Divorced

27. Queen Kathryn Howard • Henry 49, Kathryn 19 • Teenager and pretty • Anne Boleyn's cousin • She thinks Henry is old and ugly • Gets caught cheating. Outcome: Beheaded

28. Queen Katherine Parr • Was in her 30’s • Loved my the people • Loved by the king because she was so kind and took care of him • Ruled in his place while Henry was sick • Great writer • Married Jane Seymour’s brother Thomas Outcome: Survived

29. 2. Which wife do you think is buried next to King Henry VIII? • Jane Seymour X

30. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EGzHsye71c

31. What happened next? X

32. Elizabeth I • England was empire building. (Colony in the Americas) • Elizabeth learned that she should know her people. • Elizabeth allowed her citizens to make their own decisions. • She was willing to go into battle with her soldiers if needed. Leads to: The Golden Age of England where England was gaining colonies all over the world What is a colony and why would England desire them?

33. Example: Spanish Inquisition • Spanish Armada to England – They were beaten by Elizabeth’s navy and army. Lead by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain.

34. The Tudors 1485-1603 The Stuarts 1603-1714 The Georgians 1714-1830 The Williamites 1830-1837 The Victorians 1837-1901 The Edwardians 1901-1917  • The Winsors 1917-present X United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon. Queen at age 26 and reigned for 60 years

35. Turn to page 484 in the book and get out a piece of notebook paper. You have 6 minutes to copy the two paragraphs entitled. “Guttenberg Invents Printing Press.” This is an easy daily participation grade so take it seriously.

36. Imagine: Weatherford ISD is short on history textbooks, the copy machines are broken, and there is no way to order new books. In order for each student to have a copy of the textbook next year, the district is asking that this year’s students copy the textbook by hand, word for word, on notebook paper. Answer on your sheet: How much time do they think it would take? Do you think everyone will be able to complete the assignment? How many extra “books” do you expect us to have at the end of the year?

37. Gutenberg’s Printing Press • Invention of movable type was invented in 1450 by Johann Gutenberg • Manufacture of paper becomes easier and cheaper • Helped spread ideas. (secular and scientific) • Intensified intellectual criticism of the Church • Protestant ideals appealed to the urban and the literate

38. Printing Press Questions • Explain how the Bible being printed in the common language led to greater criticism of the church? • How does Gutenberg’s printing press compare to today’s social media? • Does social media bring transparency and challenges to existing ideas?

39. Counter Reformation: The Catholic Response to the Protestant Reformation • Begun by the Catholic Church as a result of the Reformation • The Bible was translated into a language everyone should understand (we call this vernacular). • The Catholic church banned heretical books. (Books that didn’t hold the Catholic churches values.)

40. Ingredients • The Society of Jesus (“Jesuits”)—1534 --Ignatius Loyola • The Inquisition • Renewed religious emotionalism --Baroque Art • Religious warfare and a new Bible

41. 5. Why do you think people would believe the Earth was the center of the Universe? Geocentric – earth is center

42. Copernicus wrote: “Finally we shall place the Sun himself at the center of the Universe.” During the Renaissance and Reformation, how would the leaders of the Catholic church received Copernicus hypotheses? 4. Geocentric- earth is center 4. Heliocentric- sun is center X

43. GALILEO GALILEI 1564-1642 • Law of the Pendulum • Laws of Motion • Telescope • Heavenly discoveries

44. The Catholic Church and Scientists • During the early years of its formation, the Catholic Church rejected scientific theories of thinkers like Galileo. • After the Reformation new information on the universe was discovered by scientist. • 3. How did this affect the churches authority among modern thinkers?

45. During the early years of its formation, the Catholic Church rejected scientific theories of thinkers like Galileo. • After the Reformation new information on the universe was discovered by scientists. • The Church believed answers to questions about the universe should only be found through religion. • As time passes, and with the help from the printing press, people will discover that some of these scientist that were persecuted by the church were correct, which will lead to a rejection of the church.

46. Terms to remember: Religious – a person or institution bond to religious thought. Secular - attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis