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Introduction to Carbon Chemistry

Introduction to Carbon Chemistry. Honors Physical Science Ms. Mandel. D13 Explain how the structure of the carbon atom affects the types of bonds it forms in organic and inorganic molecules. Learning Targets. I can explain why carbon can form many different compounds.

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Introduction to Carbon Chemistry

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  1. Introduction to Carbon Chemistry Honors Physical Science Ms. Mandel

  2. D13Explain how the structure of the carbon atom affects the types of bonds it forms in organic and inorganic molecules.

  3. Learning Targets I can explain why carbon can form many different compounds. I can differentiate between the different types of hydrocarbons. I can differentiate between the different carbon backbones.

  4. Carbon

  5. Why can Carbon form so many different bonds? en.petitchef.com 4 valence e- Relatively small size crystalmaker.com

  6. What types of bonds can Carbon form? Single covalent bonds Double covalent bonds Triple covalent bonds http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_With_a_Biological_Emphasis/Chapter__1%3A_Chapter_1%3A_Introduction_to_organic_structure_and_bonding_I/Section_4%3A_Functional_groups_and_organic_nomenclature

  7. What is special about the properties of Carbon? Can form long chains of atoms Can form an almost infinite variety of compounds The “backbone” of almost every molecule that living organisms make or use dwb4.unl.edu

  8. Identify 3 molecules containing carbon that living organisms make or use • DNA • Genetic traits • Makes you you • Proteins • Enzymes • Components of muscles, skin, and other organs • Carbohydrates • Starches • Sugars

  9. Learning Target Checkpoint Why can carbon form many different compounds?

  10. inOrganic VS. organicChemistry

  11. Inorganic Chemistry • The study of compounds that do not contain carbon • There are exceptions • CO2 • Diamonds (pure C)

  12. Inorganic compounds Includes salts, metals, substances made from single elements and any other compounds that don't contain carbon bonded to hydrogen.

  13. Organic Chemistry • The study of carbon-containing compounds • Almost all contain C – H bonds • Found in living things • DNA • Sugar (plants) • There are exceptions • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

  14. Organic Compounds • CAS Substance Database has almost 24 million organic compounds • CAS REGISTRYSM, is the only integrated, comprehensive source of chemical information from a full range of disclosed material including patents, journals, and reputable web sources.   • When you need to positively identify a chemical substance, you can rely on the authoritative source for chemical names and structures of CAS REGISTRY.

  15. Hydrocarbons

  16. Hydrocarbons • Organic compounds that consist of only C and H atoms • Nonpolar • Poor conductors of electricity • Don’t dissolve in water – Why? • Typically found deep beneath the Earth • Fossil fuels

  17. Hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes

  18. Alkanes • All the Carbon to Carbon (C to C) bonds are single bonds • Basic molecular formula is CnH2n+2 • Cycloalkanes (ring-shaped) have the formulaCnH2n Methane CH4 Pentane C5H12 Nonane C9H20 Ethane C2H6Hexane C6H14 Decane C10H22 Propane C3H8Heptane C7H16 Butane C4H10Octane C8H18

  19. How would you draw ethane? How would you name C6H14? Hexane

  20. How would you name the structure below? Octane

  21. Alkenes • One or more carbon-carbon double bonds • General formula CnH2n

  22. How would you draw butene? How would you name C2H4? Ethene

  23. How would you name the structure below? Propene

  24. Alkynes • At least one triple bond between two carbon atoms • Having the formula CnH2n-2 http://www.peoi.org/Courses/Coursesen/chemintro/ch/ch16a.html

  25. How would you draw 2-butyne? How would you name C8H14? Octyne

  26. How would you name the structure below? Ethyne

  27. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

  28. Saturated Hydrocarbons • Composed entirely of single bonds and are saturated with hydrogen • Alkanes

  29. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • Have one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. • Alkenes • Alkynes

  30. Learning Target Checkpoint How do you differentiate between alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and cycloalkanes? How do you differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

  31. Carbon Backbones Carbon atoms can form long “backbones” of large molecules.

  32. Carbon Backbones • Straight Chain

  33. Branched Chain

  34. Rings or Cyclic

  35. Cross-linked Chains Carbon chains linked together http://www.csun.edu/science/standards/science/physical-sci-8/files/3.5.2-polymers.pdf

  36. Learning Target Checkpoint How can you differentiate between the different carbon backbones?

  37. Isomers • Have the same chemical formula but differ in the way the atoms are arranged.

  38. C4H10

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