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Carbon Chemistry

But only Hydrocarbon Derivatives are Abundant in Life. Hydrocarbons are Simpler. Carbon Chemistry. Carbon—Valence = 4. Representation: Ethane. Linear Alkanes:. Hydrocarbons & Isomers. Branching Creates Structural Isomers:. Structural Isomers = Same Formula, Different Structure.

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Carbon Chemistry

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  1. But only Hydrocarbon Derivatives are Abundant in Life Hydrocarbons are Simpler Carbon Chemistry

  2. Carbon—Valence = 4

  3. Representation: Ethane

  4. Linear Alkanes: Hydrocarbons & Isomers Branching Creates Structural Isomers: Structural Isomers = Same Formula, Different Structure “Methyl Propane” = “Isobutane”

  5. Double Bonds & Rings Note that these all the above are different molecules These molecules also all have different formulas.

  6. Geometric Isomers Geometric Isomers vary about Double Bonds There is no Rotation about Double Bonds A B A B A B B A Geometric Isomers have same structure but different Geometry! You need to break bonds to convert Fumerate to Maleate These really are different molecules

  7. Enantiomers Chiral Carbons have four different groups around them and give rise to Enantiomeric Pairs. Enantiomers: Same Geometry, Different Spatial Arrangment

  8. Hydrophilic Functional Groups You should know the names, structures, and basic properties of the functional groups discussed in your notes

  9. Carbonyl Groups

  10. Carboxylic Acid Ionization

  11. Phosphoric Acid /Inorganic Phosphate

  12. Oxidation of Carbon (1/4) Increasing Oxidation

  13. Increasing Oxidation Oxidation of Carbon (2/4)

  14. Oxidation of Carbon (3/4) As carbon becomes more oxidized the total energy associated with the bonds to carbon decrease Roughly, a carbon-containing molecule becomes more soluble in water the more oxygens associated with the molecule As organisms extract energy from carbon-containing molecules, they tend to remove hydrogen atoms and add oxygen atoms Ultimately, a molecule that contains abundant obtainable energy is oxidized down to the most oxidized common form of carbon, carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide, which contains no readily obtainable energy, is released as a waste product (e.g., you exhale)

  15. O- | H-C=O H H | | H-C-O | H O-H | H-C=O O-H | H-C=O H | H-C=O H | H-C-H | H Oxidation of Carbon (4/4) O=C=O

  16. “Dysfunctional” Groups

  17. Our First Lab Please read the assigned laboratory exercise before showing up for lab; see laboratory schedule for the assignment Ultimately you will be tested in labs on your knowledge of your lab text; the lab exams (2) will be open book I am looking for a conscientious participation in lab in which you read and following the directions in your lab text; answer all questions except those I indicate not to (in lab schedule) Don’t blow off labs; earning the points associated with the lab portion of this course will require that you successfully engage your brain, as well as your body, during laboratory periods Our first lab, however, will be a particularly weird one, consisting mostly of my lecturing

  18. Link to Next Presentation

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