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Carbon Chemistry

Carbon Chemistry. AKA Organic Chemistry Just the Basics!. C5.8 Carbon Chemistry (MDE).

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Carbon Chemistry

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  1. Carbon Chemistry AKA Organic Chemistry Just the Basics!

  2. C5.8 Carbon Chemistry (MDE) • The chemistry of carbon is important. Carbon atoms can bond to one another in chains, rings, and branching networks to form a variety of structures, including synthetic polymers, oils, and the large molecules essential to life. • C5.8A Draw structural formulas for up to ten carbon chains of simple hydrocarbons. • C5.8B Draw isomers for simple hydrocarbons. • C5.8C Recognize that proteins, starches, and other large biological molecules are polymers.

  3. Interesting Carbon Facts • Carbon is the basis for organic chemistry, as it occurs in all living organisms. • Carbon is a nonmetal that can bond with itself and many other chemical elements, forming nearly ten million compounds.

  4. NOT the same!!!

  5. Interesting Carbon Facts • Elemental carbon can take the form of one of the hardest substances (diamond) or one of the softest (graphite). • Carbon is made in the interiors of stars, though it was not produced in the Big Bang.

  6. Interesting Carbon Facts • Carbon compounds have limitless uses. • Elemental form – • Diamond is a gemstone and used for drilling/cutting; • Graphite is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and to protect against rust • Charcoal is used to remove toxins, tastes, and odors. • The isotope Carbon-14 is used in radiocarbon dating.

  7. Interesting Carbon Facts • Carbon has the highest melting/sublimation point of the elements. • The melting point of diamond is ~3550°C • Sublimation point of carbon around 3800°C. • Pure carbon exists free in nature and has been known since prehistoric time. Cosquer Cave (France)

  8. Interesting Carbon Facts • The origin of the name 'carbon' comes from the Latin word carbo, for charcoal. • Pure carbon is considered non-toxic, although inhalation of fine particles, such as soot, can damage lung tissue. • Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe (hydrogen, helium, and oxygen are found in higher amounts, by mass).

  9. Naming Organic Molecules • Organic compounds are named with a different set of rules than Inorganic Compounds. • Simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons (only hydrogen and carbon atoms) • Alkanes – Simplest form of hydrocarbon because it only has single bonds. • Alkenes – Contain double bonds • Alkynes – Contain triple bonds

  10. Naming Organic Molecules • First step of naming organic compounds is identifying the number of carbon atoms • Add Prefix

  11. Naming Organic Molecules • Next, add a suffix to indicate the type of carbon bonds. • -ane means single bonds • -ene means double bonds • -yne means triple bonds • If it forms a ring, a pre-pre fix (cyclo-) is added.

  12. Naming Organic Molecules • EXAMPLES – Name these: C2H6 Ethane CH3CH2CH2CH3 Butane Cyclobutane Nonane These are all examples of ALKANES. Notice: no double bonding!

  13. Naming Organic Molecules • EXAMPLE – How about this? • These are all the same, but drawn differently. • To account for the alkene, we have to identify location. • It is attached to the third carbon, therefore its name: 3-Octene

  14. Isomers • Definition: • A chemical species with the same number and types of atoms as another chemical species, but possessing different properties. • What does that mean??? • Carbons can be arranged in different ways, even though it has the same formula.

  15. Isomers • The larger the molecule, the more isomers it can have.

  16. OH NO! Naming these things! • The parent compound must have the longest chain of carbon atoms. • The parent chain is numbered to give substituents the lowest possible numbers. • Substituent names are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc. • The number showing the point of attachment to the parent chain precedes the substituent name. 2-methylbutane

  17. Examples – Try to name these: 3-Ethylhexane 3-methyloctane

  18. Wait, there’s more!!! • But we don’t need to bother with that… Lets move on!

  19. Michigan Standard C5.8C • Recognize that proteins, starches, and other large biological molecules are polymers. • Polymer??? • Take organic compounds and link them together and… • IT’S A POLYMER! • Living things use these all the time!

  20. Protein • Remember way back when you took biology???

  21. Starch • Sugars linked together!

  22. Covered • You made it! I think we have this covered! • PRACTICE TIME! • Identifying organic compounds worksheet.

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