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Carbon Chemistry

Carbon Chemistry. Carbon Chemistry. 90% of all known molecules contain a carbon atom Almost all these molecules are found in living organisms Study of carbon containing compounds is called Organic Chemistry. Reasons Carbon Forms Large Number of Compounds.

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Carbon Chemistry

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  1. Carbon Chemistry

  2. Carbon Chemistry • 90% of all known molecules contain a carbon atom • Almost all these molecules are found in living organisms • Study of carbon containing compounds is called Organic Chemistry

  3. Reasons Carbon Forms Large Number of Compounds • Carbon atoms can form bonds with many other Carbon atoms • Bonds between C atoms can be single, double or triple • Molecules can be linear chains or have branches • Same number of carbon atoms can form many different arrangements

  4. Reasons Carbon Forms Large Number of Compounds • Molecules can even be cyclic, especially if there are 6 carbon atoms to form a ring • Carbon atoms can form bonds with most other atoms, including metals

  5. Naming Organic Compounds • The name is determined by the LONGEST chain of carbon atoms that it contains • Can be difficult to find at times

  6. C1 = meth C2 = eth C3 = prop C4 = but C5 = pent C6 = hex C7 = hept C8 = oct C9 = non C10 = dec Basic Prefixes

  7. C1 = methyl C2 = ethyl C3 = propyl C4 = butyl C5 = pentyl C6 = hexyl C7 = heptyl C8 = octyl C9 = nonyl C10 = decyl Side Chains

  8. Name this molecule CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH – CH3 CH2 – CH3 CH3

  9. Name this molecule CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH – CH3 CH2 – CH3 CH3 We need to find the longest chain

  10. Name this molecule CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH – CH3 CH2 – CH3 CH3 The longest chain

  11. Name this molecule heptane CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH – CH3 1 2 3 4 5 CH2 – CH3 CH3 6 7 The longest chain Number the carbon atoms

  12. Name this molecule heptane CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH – CH3 1 2 3 4 5 CH2 – CH3 CH3 6 7 Find and name the side chains

  13. Name this molecule heptane CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH – CH3 1 2 3 4 5 CH2 – CH3 CH3 6 7 methyl Find and name the side chains

  14. Name this molecule 2 – methyl - heptane CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH – CH3 1 2 3 4 5 CH2 – CH3 CH3 6 7 Find and name the side chains

  15. Name this molecule 2 – methyl - heptane methyl CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH–CH3 1 2 3 4 5 CH2 – CH3 CH3 6 7 Find and name the side chains

  16. Name this molecule 2,5 – dimethyl - heptane CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH–CH3 1 2 3 4 5 CH2 – CH3 CH3 6 7 Find and name the side chains

  17. Name this molecule 2,5 – dimethyl - heptane CH3 – CH2 ethyl CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH–CH3 1 2 3 4 5 CH2 – CH3 CH3 6 7 Find and name the side chains

  18. Name this molecule 2,5 – dimethyl – 4 – ethyl – heptane CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH–CH3 1 2 3 4 5 CH2 – CH3 CH3 6 7

  19. Name this molecule 2,5 – dimethyl – 4 – ethyl – heptane CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH–CH3 1 2 3 4 5 CH2 – CH3 CH3 6 7 If the numbers on the C atoms are reversed

  20. Name this molecule 2,5 – dimethyl – 4 – ethyl – heptane CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH–CH3 7 6 5 4 3 CH2 – CH3 CH3 2 1 If the numbers on the C atoms are reversed

  21. Name this molecule 3,6 – dimethyl – 4 – ethyl – heptane CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH–CH3 7 6 5 4 3 CH2 – CH3 CH3 2 1 The name becomes

  22. Name this molecule CH3 – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH–CH3 7 6 5 4 3 CH2 – CH3 CH3 2 1 Both names are correct 2,5 – dimethyl – 4 – ethyl – heptane 3,6 – dimethyl – 4 – ethyl – heptane

  23. Functional Groups • When a hydrogen atom is replaced in an alkane by another atom • The three to be considered this year are • – Cl chloro • – OH hydroxy or alcohols • –COOH carboxy or carboxy acids

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