Grant P roposal Presentation

1. Grant Proposal Presentation • ManishaRao, JRF, YRC • Yenepoya University

2. Funding agency applying for: DST Women Scientist Scheme (WOSA)

3. Principle investigator ManishaRao Junior Research Fellow YRC, Yenepoya University Co- Principle investigator Dr. K. S. Prasad Assistant Professor YRC, Yenepoya University

4. Title of the study • Fluorescent nanocarbons for selective and sensitive detection of Lindane Broad subject area Chemical Sciences Area of specialization Nanomaterial Sciences Total cost of the project 20,00,000 INR

5. CONTENTS • Introduction • Brief Literature Review • Rationale of the study • Aim and Objectives • Methodology • Expected Outcome • Budget estimates • Timeline • References

6. Introduction • Fluorescent nanocarbons or Carbon nanodots (CNDs) - Less than 10 nm diameters • sp2 hybridized carbon nano structures, and possesses many functional groups on their surface (-OH,HO-C=O, NH2 etc.) • CNDs has chemical inertness, excellent water solubility, low cost of fabrication, and general minimal toxicity < 10 nm

7. Lindane • Lindane(γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, HCH), an organochlorine pesticide, is a widely distributed contaminant. • Its well-established neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and consequent health risks led to a worldwide ban on use of lindane. • Huge amounts of unused obsolete stockpiles of both technical grade HCH (2785 tons), lindane (304 tons), and 45 tons of unspecified HCH exist in dump sites in Africa and the Near East.

8. Overview of Sensing Quenched CNDs Fluroscent CNDs

9. Literature review • One-pot hydrothermal carbonization of natural biomass to afford CNDs is a facile and eco-friendly reaction process, but also to the cheap and sustainable raw material. (ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2016, 4, 3053.) • Doping carbon nanomaterials with heteroatoms can effectively tune their intrinsic properties, including optical characteristics, surface and local chemical features.(Analytical chemistry. 2014, 86, 9846.) • The rapid and selective degradation of lindane by the recombinant E. coli cells in the microenvironment of polyanilinehas been studied. (Analytical chemistry. 2012, 84, 6672.)

10. Cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode and its utilization for the direct reduction of lindane in aqueous alcoholic medium. (Analytical Methods. 2013, 5, 931) • Synthesis of silver nanoparticles decorated nanoporouspolyaniline-zeolite (AgNPs-PANI-Nano-ZSM-5) nanocomposite material for lindane detection (RSC Advances. 2015, 5, 57657) • Non-enzymatic detection of lindane by using CuO–MnO2 hierarchical nano-microstructures as active electrocatalysts towards the reduction of lindane. (Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 4376)

11. Rationale of the study • Photoluminescent carbon nanodots can be quenched by specific compounds, based on their interactions • Known techniques are costly, require sophisticated instruments and tedious methodology • Simple, cost effective, and user friendly methods are lacking

12. Aim of the study • To developfluorescent nanocarbons for selective and sensitive detection of Lindane

13. Research Objectives • To synthesize pH sensitive Carbon nanodots • Characterization of synthesized CNDs • Conjugate with Lin A2 gene • Selective and sensitive detection of Lindaneusing conjugated CNDS

14. Methodology Synthesis of fluorescent nanocarbons by hydrothermal method:

15. Characterization techniques for CDs • Optical characterisation: • Fluorescence spectral and UV-vis spectrophotometer • Surface morphology: • Transmission electron microscopy • X-ray electron spectroscopy • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

16. Loading of LinA2 gene LinA 2 gene, neutral pH Fluroscent carbon nanodot Quenched carbon nanodot

17. Sensing Lindane Fluorescent CNDs Quenched CNDs

18. Expected Outcome • Asimple low-cost approach for the rapid detection of lindane. • A spectrometric detection can confirm the test results by increment in the intensity of CNDs. • The low-cost CNDs can revolutionize toxin detection in environmental and in food industry. • The proposed sensing platform will have many application in other fields

19. This research will benefit the applicant, institution and society • This project further can be used for the development of paper devices for the detection of Lindane using carbon nanodots. • This project will generate a foundation of knowledge on paper devices in India

20. Work plan

21. Budget Estimates

22. References Deng M, Wang S, Liang C, Shang H, Jiang S. A FRET fluorescent nanosensor based on carbon dots for ratiometric detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution. RSC Advances. 2016 Mar 11;6(32):26936-40. Kumar A, Hens A, Arun RK, Chatterjee M, Mahato K, Layek K, Chanda N. A paper based microfluidic device for easy detection of uric acid using positively charged gold nanoparticles. Analyst. 2015;140(6):1817-21. Kumar A, Hens A, Arun RK, Chatterjee M, Mahato K, Layek K, Chanda N. A paper based microfluidic device for easy detection of uric acid using positively charged gold nanoparticles. Analyst. 2015;140(6):1817-21. Huang S, Wang L, Zhu F, Su W, Sheng J, Huang C, Xiao Q. A ratiometricnanosensor based on fluorescent carbon dots for label-free and highly selective recognition of DNA. RSC Advances. 2015;5(55):44587-97. Huang S, Wang L, Zhu F, Su W, Sheng J, Huang C, Xiao Q. A ratiometricnanosensor based on fluorescent carbon dots for label-free and highly selective recognition of DNA. RSC Advances. 2015;5(55):44587-97.

23. Prathap MA, Sun S, Wei C, Xu ZJ. A novel non-enzymatic lindane sensor based on CuO–MnO 2 hierarchical nano-microstructures for enhanced sensitivity. Chemical Communications. 2015;51(21):4376-9. Kumaravel A, Vincent S, Chandrasekaran M. Development of an electroanalytical sensor for γ-hexachlorocyclohexane based on a cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode. Analytical Methods. 2013;5(4):931-8. Prathap A, Udayan M, Sun S, Xu ZJ. Electrochemical sensor highly selective for lindane determination: a comparative study using three different a-MnO2 nanostructures. AnuPrathap MU, Chaurasia AK, Sawant SN, Apte SK. Polyaniline-based highly sensitive microbial biosensor for selective detection of lindane. Analytical chemistry. 2012 Jul 11;84(15):6672-8. Kaur B, Srivastava R, Satpati B. Silver nanoparticle decorated polyaniline–zeolitenanocomposite material based non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for nanomolar detection of lindane. RSC Advances. 2015;5(71):57657-65.

24. THANK YOU