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Kingdom Animalia

Explore the diverse world of amphibians from salamanders, frogs to toads. Discover their habitats, unique characteristics, and crucial role as sentinel species in environmental monitoring. Learn about their reproduction, metamorphosis, and the three different orders they belong to.

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Kingdom Animalia

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  1. Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Subphylum Vertebrata • Class Amphibia

  2. Class Amphibia • Amphi = both • Bios = lives • Examples: • salamanders (including newts & efts) • caecilians • frogs • toads

  3. Salamanders (including newts & efts) Tiger salamander

  4. Salamanders (including newts & efts) Jeffersonian salamander

  5. Salamanders (including newts & efts) Eastern Hellbender

  6. Salamanders (including newts & efts) Marbled Salamander

  7. Salamanders (including newts & efts) Red-spotted salamander

  8. Salamanders (including newts & efts) Northern Red salamander

  9. Salamanders (including newts & efts) Axolotl

  10. Salamanders (including newts & efts) Red eft

  11. Caecilians

  12. Frogs

  13. Frogs Leopard frog

  14. Poison Dart Frog

  15. Poison Dart Frog

  16. Poison Dart Frog

  17. Poison Dart Frog

  18. Poison Dart Frog

  19. African clawed frog

  20. Gastric Brooding Frog

  21. Goliath frog

  22. Tomato frog

  23. Flying frog

  24. Toads Boreal toad

  25. Boreal toad

  26. Cane toad

  27. American toad

  28. Surinam Toad (frog?)

  29. General Information • 3,400 species • Habitat: • Adults: terrestrial • Sub – adults (larvae): aquatic (freshwater)

  30. Skeleton – Bony • Limbs - Tetrapods (“4 feet”) • Some legless (Caecilians) • Feet often webbed (for swimming) • Forelimbs usually with 4 digits

  31. Skin • Smooth & moist • Noscales • Lungs (most adults) • Gills ( tadpoles) • Ectothermal – use environment to regulate body temperature

  32. Skin glands

  33. Reproduction • Dioecious • Internal fertilization – salamanders & caecilians • External fertilization – frogs & toads

  34. Reproduction • Viviparous – eggs must be kept moist • Metamorphosis – (usually present) eggs → larvae (sub-adults) → adults

  35. Metamorphosis

  36. Three Orders • Order Gymnophiona “naked snake” – caecilians (a.k.a. Apoda) 2. Order Caudata “ having a tail” – salamanders, newts, efts 3. Order Anura “ without tail” – frogs & toads

  37. Order Gymnophiona(caecilians)- • Rare • Limbless • Habitat: Burrow in earth, tropical habitats • Feeding: worms & small invertebrates

  38. Order Caudata(salamanders, etc.) • Habitat: all moist Northern temperate habitats • Feeding: adults & larvae carnivorous (moving prey, small invertebrates) • Internal fertilization

  39. Order Anura(frogs & toads) • Habitat: 1. adults: terrestrial, moist soil 2. larvae: fresh water • Feeding: • External fertilization (amplexus) • Endangered world-wide • Sentinel species: very sensitive to environmental changes ( E.g. uv exposure, water pollution ) due to dependence on moist/ aquatic envmnt.

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