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What is differentiation in reading instruction? (in the primary level)

What is differentiation in reading instruction? (in the primary level). AND …. How can this be applied in the classroom?. Next Slide. Cindy Crawford November, 2008 Human Development and Principles of learning. Next Slide. Contents . Why is this important to me?

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What is differentiation in reading instruction? (in the primary level)

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  1. What is differentiation in reading instruction?(in the primary level) AND… How can this be applied in the classroom? Next Slide

  2. Cindy Crawford November, 2008 Human Development and Principles of learning Next Slide

  3. Contents • Why is this important to me? • What is differentiated instruction? • What does this look like in reading instruction? • Guided Reading • Benefits of guided reading • How can this be applied in the classroom • Teacher resources • Future uses for this power point • Academic sources Next Slide

  4. Why is this important to me? • Meet each student’s needs • Bring each student to their fullest potential Next Slide

  5. Meet each student’s needs As a new teacher, it is very important for me to meet the needs of each and every student in my classroom. Students all learn at different rates; therefore, I must be able to teach to the highest students and the lowest students to move them all to their next level of independence. Next Slide

  6. Bring each student to their fullest potential From here… To here… Frustration Independent Next Slide

  7. What is differentiated instruction? • According to Carol Ann Tomlinson, “Differentiation means tailoring instruction to meet individual needs…the use of ongoing assessment and flexible grouping makes this a successful approach to instruction.” Next Slide

  8. What does this look like in reading instruction? • Differentiated instruction could be as simple as scaffolding or directing questions to specific students during a read aloud or shared reading. Example: To figure out the “tricky” word ‘dolphin’, I’ll ask Sophia (who is at risk) to help me with the ph sound. Next Slide

  9. Scaffolding • “A concept based on the principles of Vygotsky’s Theory.” The teacher provides support and assistance to keep a student from failing. As the child becomes independent, the teacher begins removing the support. Also connected to Dialectical Constructivism. The teacher “provides hints and prompts to students as they struggle with problems. That is, he or she provides just enough support so that the child can make progress.” -Pressley & McCormick, pg. 86 Previous slide Next slide

  10. What does this look like in reading instruction?cont. • Students read from “just right books” • Having various texts on tape for low/struggling readers • Using realia for understanding • Guided Reading groups Next Slide

  11. Realia • Hands on objects to bring words to life for students that may not have the background knowledge to be successful. Previous slide Next slide

  12. What is Guided Reading? A teaching approach to help students process increasingly difficult texts with fluency and understanding in a small group. Next Slide

  13. What is Guided Reading?cont. Students are working in their zone of proximal development for maximum success. ZPD The most difficult task a child can accomplish independently The most difficult task a child can accomplish with assistance Vygotsky’s theory of the Zone of Proximal Development. -Pressley & McCormick, page 156 Next Slide

  14. What is Guided Reading?cont. “Students need ongoing instruction even after they understand the essence of reading.” Fountas & Pinnell Students must learn to • adjust their strategies based on the purpose or genre of their reading • Organize their knowledge to • Summarize and/or • Make inferences from difficult texts Next Slide

  15. What is Guided Reading?cont. • A teacher works with a small-group • Children in the group are similar in their development of a reading process and are able to read about the same level of text. • Teachers introduce the stories and assist children’s reading in ways that help to develop independent reading strategies. Next Slide

  16. What is Guided Reading?cont. • Each child reads the whole time • The goal is for children to read independently and silently • The emphasis is on reading increasingly challenging books over time • Children are grouped and regrouped through ongoing observation and assessment Next Slide

  17. Benefits of Guided Reading • Students will be able to • Develop as individual readers • Be given the opportunity to develop and use reading strategies • Experience success in reading for meaning • Learn how to problem solve with a new text independently Next Slide

  18. Benefits of Guided Readingcont. • Teachers will be able to • Observe individual students as they problem solve through new texts • Assess individual students by taking running records and anecdotal notes Next Slide

  19. ? ? ? ? How can this be applied in the primary classroom? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Next Slide

  20. How can this be applied in the primary classroom?Cont. Literacy centers! Phonics station Computer station Listening station Library station Writing station Next Slide Fluency station

  21. How can this be applied in the primary classroom? Cont • WHY have literacy centers? Besides being able to work in a small group without interruptions, children are able to work at their own level. Next Slide

  22. How can this be applied in the primary classroom?Cont • Working in literacy centers, children will; • Develop social skills by learning how to share and cooperate • Learn responsibility and organizational skills • Repeat and practice skills • Engage more senses and activate more pathways to the brain with hands-on centers • Integrate a variety of skills and concepts, such as, ABC knowledge, word fluency, phonics, vocabulary, oral language, writing skills, small motor skills, and creativity. Next Slide

  23. Teacher Resources These are a few websites that I found helpful in setting up literacy centers for my classroom. • www.primaryteachers.org/literacy_centers.htm • www.thevirtualvine.com/workstations.html • http://carlscorner.us.com • http://staffweb.peoriaud.k12.az.us/Teresa_Wilson/literacy_centers.htm Next Slide

  24. Future uses for this power point Our school is implementing guided reading this year and many primary teachers are struggling with how to do this in their classroom. My plan is to share this with the teachers at my school on December 5th as part of the professional development meeting. Next Slide

  25. Academic Sources • Vygotsky, L. (1986). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Page 287 Pulled from http://www.unm.edu/~devalenz/handouts/sociocult.html 11/23/08 • Fountas, Irene C., Pinnell, Gay Su (1996). Guided Reading – Good First Teaching for all Children. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Chapter 1 • Fountas, Irene C., Pinnell, Gay Su (2001). Guiding Readers and Writers Grades 3-6: Teaching Comprehension, Genre, and Content Literacy. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. P. 190-191 • Pressley, M., McCormick, C.B. (2007), Child and Adolescent Development for Educators. New York, NY. The Guilford Press Image Sources: • www..Laura-j-hughes.com/Blog/?p=239 accessed on 11/22/08 • www.pellowsclass.com/reading.hem accessed on 11/22/08 • www.flicker.com accessed on 11/22/08 • Google images END

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