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The Reformation- A movement to reform the Catholic Church

Explore the movement to reform the Catholic Church, from financial criticisms to new religious movements like Lutheranism and Calvinism. Learn about the Counter Reformation, division of Christendom, and the impact on Europe. Discover key figures like Martin Luther and Henry VIII. Dive into the conflicts and changes that shaped Christianity in the 16th century.

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The Reformation- A movement to reform the Catholic Church

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  1. The Reformation- A movement to reform the Catholic Church • Criticism is not new • Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464) & Erasmus (1511) wrote books asking for reform Criticisms of the Church and Clergy • Members of clergy were breaking rules • Not honouring vows of chastity • Getting married • Pope and bishops living like royalty (life of luxury) • Popes declared war to increase territory • Priests had little education- did not respond to concerns of the people

  2. Crash Course: The Catholic Reformation Reformation- A Call to Reform the Catholic Church Financial Criticism • More interested in the collection of profits from estates • Simony: collecting money from believers for Church Services • INDULGENCES: paid for your sins to pardoned

  3. Martin Luther: 95 Theses • A German pastor (A Catholic Priest) • Launched an attack on Catholic Church • Published 95 theses against indulgences • Some arguments • Only God can pardon sins (not priests, pope, etc.) • Everyone can read the bible themselves and interpret it for themselves • Only faith can bring salvation (get you into heaven) • How do you think the Catholic Church Responded to Luther? • They excommunicated him

  4. What is the symbolism in the engraving?

  5. New Religions • Lutheran Church (Protestant) • Principals from Luther’s theses • everyone can read bible, no indulgences, etc. • Spread through: Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Switzerland • Calvinists • Knowledge about the human was as important as God • Believed people should work hard • Predestination: only saved if God decides from the beginning • Anglican (The Church of England) • Henry VIII wanted to divorce wife (Catherine of Aragon)- asked Pope for permission • Created his own Church with Catholic hierarchy and ceremonies so he could grant his own divorce

  6. Homework • My History Log • Read page 18-19, chart on page 20 • Complete #1-4, 6, 8 on page 22-24

  7. The Counter Reformation • The Council of Trent- Met from 1545-1563 Result • Did not change Catholic Dogma (the actual beliefs of the religion eg. Salvation based on both faith and good works • Fixed many of the criticisms eg. Celibacy, educate priests, eliminate corrupt indulgences • Created Society of Jesus- Universities to spread Catholic religion, defend Church, educate non-Christians (Indigenous peoples in Colonies) • Burn the heretics!! • Index of Prohibited books- burn books Catholics should not read

  8. The Division of Christendom • Earlier division occurred in 1054 • Eastern Christians split with West to form Orthodox Church • 16th Century now saw multiple religions • Orthodox • Roman Catholic • Protestant (Lutheran) • Calvinist • Anglican • Muslim Division of Europe map

  9. Division of Christendom • Was this division simple or did it bring conflict? • CONFLICT • 30 years war • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • Confusion and secrets • Were people free to chose the religion they wanted? • NO- they still had to follow the religion of their monarch • Burning of heretics • Eg. Anne Askew PreachingExecution • Bloody Mary!!!

  10. HOMEWORK My History Log • Read page 20-21 • Complete #9, 10, 11

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