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Indian Nationalism vs. British Imperialism before World War II

Indian Nationalism vs. British Imperialism before World War II. OUTLINE: Indian Nationalism Mahatma Gandhi Amritsar Massacre 1935 Gov’t of India Act. Indian Nationalism before WWII. Early 20 th c., people in India wanted independence from Great Britain b/c of exploitation by Brits.

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Indian Nationalism vs. British Imperialism before World War II

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  1. Indian Nationalism vs. British Imperialism before World War II OUTLINE: • Indian Nationalism • Mahatma Gandhi • Amritsar Massacre • 1935 Gov’t of India Act

  2. Indian Nationalism before WWII • Early 20th c., people in India wanted independence from Great Britain b/c of exploitation by Brits. • 2 nationalist groups formed to fight for independence= • Muslim League (Muslim) • Indian Nat’l Congress (Hindu) • Religious difference were finally not as big as desire to kick GB out

  3. Amritsar Massacre (spark that began Nat’l movement in India) • People were peacefully protesting in Punjab against the Rowlatt Act in 1919 (said GB could jail protesters for 2 yrs. w/o trial) • British military fired on unarmed crowd killing & wounding 100s • Hindu & Muslims throughout India began to demand independence forcefully

  4. Mohandas K. Gandhi (“Mahatma”) • Political & spiritual leader of Indian nationalism —respected by Hindu & Muslim alike • Born in India, went to South Africa to practice law • Encountered major discrimination b/c he was not white (not black either…) • 1906—14 led protests in South Africa against discrimination and was jailed, beaten etc (but did not fight back)

  5. Gandhi’s Way: Non-violent Resistance • Satyagraha = passive, non-violent resistance to un-just laws & ideas. Requires cooperation of many people • It is a means to achieve goals against great odds w/o resorting to losing “moral high ground” • Works b/c massive resistance of many can not be ignored

  6. Satyagraha in India • Ppl followed Gandhi’s lead of non- violent civil disobedience to achieve ind. Led to: • Econ. probs for GB b/c ppl wouldn’t work or buy British goods • Pol. probs b/c of bad publicity (esp. during Gandhi’s hunger strikes)

  7. Example: Salt March 1930 • people stopped buying salt from GB & protested by walking to ocean to make their own salt • GB reacted violently to non-violence = more bad publicity

  8. 1935 Government of India Act • GB gave India limitedindependence b/c peaceful nationalism (& Gandhi) couldn’t be ignored. • Self-gov’t at local level but GB still controlled national gov’t • Created more division between Hindus & Muslims b/c they competed for control of local gov’t—differences began to be HUGE problems

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