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The War of 1812: America's Unpreparedness and Victorious Battles

Explore the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain, featuring battles fought in the US, Canada, and at sea. Discover the unpreparedness of America at the onset of the war and the American victory at the Battle of New Orleans that instilled national pride. Learn about important places, people, and vocabulary associated with the war. Understand the significance of battles such as Lake Erie and the Battle of the Thames, and the role of Andrew Jackson. Dive into the British offensive, the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner," and the Treaty of Ghent. Discover how the war affected the Federalist Party's standing.

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The War of 1812: America's Unpreparedness and Victorious Battles

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  1. Chapter 7-Foreign Affairs in the Early Republic • Section 2- The War of 1812 • California Standards - 8.5, 8.5.1,

  2. Looking Back, Looking Ahead • Beginning in 1812, the United States went to war with Britain. Fighting took place in the United States, in Canada, and at sea.

  3. Focusing on the Main Idea • In 1812 the United States was at war with Britain and was unprepared from the onset. • Even though the last battle of the war, the Battle of New Orleans, took place two weeks after the war had officially ended, the American victory there instilled a strong sense of national pride.

  4. Places and People to Know • Detroit • Lake Erie • William Hull • Oliver Hazard Perry • Andrew Jackson • Francis Scott Key

  5. Vocabulary to know • frigate • privateer • consist • assemble • economy

  6. Did You Know? • Although Francis Scott Key wrote the lyrics in 1814 of what was eventually called “The Star-Spangled Banner,”it originally was called “Defence of Fort McHenry”and was not adopted as our national anthem until March 3, 1931.

  7. Where Did Hull take the US Troops? • The United States did not have a large army at the beginning of the War of 1812. • In July 1812 General William Hull led troops from Detroit toward Canada and encountered Tecumseh and his warriors. • Hull surrendered Detroit.

  8. What Were Some Important Battles of 1812? • Oliver Hazard Perry,commander of the Lake Erie naval forcesassembled a fleet to seize the lake from the British. • In a bloody battle, Perry’s forces defeated British troops. • Tecumseh was killed in the Battle of the Thames on October 5, 1813. • By the end of 1813 the Americans had won some battles on land and at sea.

  9. How Did the Americans Fight the British on the Sea? • Americans had three of the fastest frigates,or warships, afloat thatsuccessfully destroyed British ships. • American privateers, armed private ships, also captured numerous British vessels.

  10. Who Did the US fight Against On Land? • Andrew Jackson,a Tennessee planter, led an attack against the Creekin March 1814. • Defeat at The Battle of Horseshoe Bend forced the Creek to give up their lands to the United States.

  11. Discussion Question • What happened at The Battle of Horseshoe Bend? • (Andrew Jacksondefeated the Creek people, who then gave up their lands to the UnitedStates.)

  12. What Was the British Offensive? • In August 1814 the British sailed into Chesapeake Bay and overpowered American troops outside Washington, D.C. • The British marched into the city and burned the Capitol and the White House.

  13. Who Wrote the Star-Spangled Banner? • The British left Washington, D.C., and sailed to Baltimore. • Americantroops were waiting in Baltimore when the British attacked. • FrancisScott Key wrote a song about the battle that is now the national anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner.”

  14. Why Did The British Stop? • British troops entered New York State from Canada to capturePlattsburgh, a key city on the shore of Lake Champlain. • An American naval force on Lake Champlain defeated the British, and they retreated to Canada. • The British decided that to continue fighting would cost them too much with little to gain.

  15. What Was the Treaty of Ghent? • On December 24, 1814, the United States and Britain signed a peaceagreement called the Treaty of Ghent.

  16. What Made the Federalist Party Look Unpatriotic? • Before news of the treaty became known, another battle broke out in New Orleans. The Americans, led by Andrew Jackson, won the battle. • New England Federalists gathered at the Hartford Convention in December 1814 and discussed secession. • Word arrived about Jackson’s victory in New Orleans and the peace treaty. • The Federalist party appeared unpatriotic.

  17. Discussion Question • What inspired Francis Scott Key to write “The Star-SpangledBanner”? • (Key was in Baltimore when the British fought American troopsat Fort McHenry. In the morning after a night of fighting, Key could see theflag still flying over the fort, and this inspired him to write the song.)

  18. Section 2 ReviewPage 359 • 1. Who won the Battle of Lake Champlain? Why was it an important victory? • 2. What were the effects of the Battle of New Orleans? • 4. Why did the Federalists Party lose support after the War of 1812? • 6. Explain the relationship between Britain’s war with France and the War of 1812 and the Treaty of Ghent.

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