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Chapter 12 Foreign Affairs in the young nation

Chapter 12 Foreign Affairs in the young nation. Pgs. 159 - 171. Foreign policy. Set principles used to guide the US in future dealings with other countries Great Seal of the US – used to mark their approval of important documents ($1) Represents founders hopes and dreams

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Chapter 12 Foreign Affairs in the young nation

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  1. Chapter 12Foreign Affairs in the young nation Pgs. 159 - 171

  2. Foreign policy • Set principles used to guide the US in future dealings with other countries • Great Seal of the US – used to mark their approval of important documents ($1) • Represents founders hopes and dreams • Bald eagle – represents national power • Olive Branch – represents peace

  3. Washington’s foreign policy • No army – not enough money to keep one and didn’t want it used to take rights away • Threats: North – Britain • Threats: South and West – Spain • Policy of Neutrality – would not aid France or Britain in war against each other • Isolationism – avoiding alliances

  4. Dilemma 1 • Jay Treaty – British agreed to pull troops from Ohio Valley, French thought this as betrayal and attacked US ships • XYZ Affair – French secret agents met US reps said no peace talks unless give large sum of $ • Americans very upset • Recruited troops and built more ships • Gained Adams popularity

  5. Pursue peace • President sent peace mission • Napoleon Bonaparte – taken over France, wants peace with US and Britain and end the alliance • Choosing peace cost Adams popularity • Federalists lost support • Adams left nation at peace with no alliances

  6. Questions • What did the Great Seal represent? • What did the olive branch stand for? • What did the bald eagle stand where? • Where can you find the Great Seal? • Who were threats to the US? • What were the 2 foreign policies Washington created? • What was the Jay Treaty? • What was the XYZ Affair? • Who took over France and wanted peace with US?

  7. Dilemma 2: Pirates • France and Britain seized US ships if traded with their enemy • Jefferson tried to remain neutral • Britain began kidnapping US sailors to join their army • Piracy in the Barbary Coast of North Africa • America quietly paid them in exchange for safety of ships • Tripoli wanted more money so declared war on the US

  8. Jefferson’s solution • Sent small fleet to Mediterranean to protect ships • Bombarded ships with cannons • Tripoli captured the captain and crew of the Philadelphia and held them for ransom • America raided Tripoli harbor and set ship on fire • Tripoli signed peace treaty with US – agreed to stop payments and US paid $60,000 ransom • Embargo Act of 1807 – stopped trade with other nations to hurt them, more painful to US, repealed in 1809

  9. Dilemma 3: Protection • New President – James Madison • New approach to protecting US at sea • Deal – stop attacking ships, US will stop trade with your enemy • France agreed to deal, Britain kept taking ships • South and West wanted war to stop Americans being kidnapped and get rid of the British in Canada • British military provided weapons to Indians • Americans wanted to end Indian threat • “War Hawks” – eager for war

  10. War of 1812 • Declared war on Britain, unprepared • America could not conquer Canada • Made west safer for settlers • British invaded DC, burned the city, president’s house gone • Baltimore – heavy bombing from Britain • Francis Scott Key – wrote poem “The Star-Spangled Banner” to describe feelings knowing American flag was still flying • New Orleans – British invaded, Andrew Jackson and army won, national hero, unnecessary battle • Treaty of Ghent – ended war before New Orleans

  11. Francis Scott Key – wrote poem “The Star-Spangled Banner” to describe feelings knowing American flag was still flying • New Orleans – British invaded, Andrew Jackson and army won, national hero, unnecessary battle • Treaty of Ghent – ended war before New Orleans

  12. Dilemma 4: Latin America • President – James Monroe • Mexico and South America wanted freedom from Spain • Miguel Hidalgo – inspired 10 year revolution • Won independence • Latin America could now trade with other countries • Britain supported revolution, wanted US to help them make sure Spain left Latin America alone

  13. Monroe Doctrine • Any nation in North or South America could not be taken by Europeans • Thought doctrine was arrogant • Created isolationism as US Foreign Policy • We would not tolerate anything from Europe • US no longer weak, became strong and confident nation to be respected

  14. Questions • What piracy dilemma did the US face? • What happened on the Philadelphia? • What was the Embargo Act of 1807? • What cities did Britain invade in the War of 1812? • Who wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner?” • Why did Latin America revolt against Spain? • What was the Monroe Doctrine? • What was the US Foreign Policy?

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