Chapter 12 Foreign Affairs in the Young Nation

1. Chapter 12Foreign Affairsin theYoung Nation

2. C12.2 President Washington Creates a Foreign Policy Problems/Threats • British controlled Canada • British had forts on U.S. land (Ohio Valley) • Spain had Florida & Louisiana • France & Britain at war • Should U.S get involved?

3. Washington’s Policy • neutrality - don’t choose sides - don’t help France or Britain • isolationism - avoid alliances - keep to ourselves

4. C12.3-4 Dilemma 1: What Should President Adams Do to Protect American Ships?

5. Problems • US & Britain signed Jay’s Treaty; end Ohio forts • France angry at US • French attack US merchant ships going to Britain • Adams sent 3 reps to France to talk peace • French demanded tribute ($) to talk; angered Americans • Congress prepared for war • recruited 10,000 soldiers • built 12 ships • paid privateers to attack French ships

6. Actions • Adams against war • Sent peace mission to France • new French ruler Napoleon agreed to peace • U.S. & France ended alliance • Many Americans against peace with France • Adams lost reelection

7. C12.5-6 Dilemma 2: How Should Pres. Jefferson Deal with Pirates?

8. Problems • Britain & France at war • Both attacked U.S. trade ships • Britain impressed American sailors • Pirates in N. Africa held merchant ships for ransom • U.S. paid tribute to keep ships safe • Tripoli (a Barbary state in N. Africa) demanded more $ and declared war on U.S

9. Actions • Jefferson sent warships -protect U.S. ships -attack Tripoli • U.S. & Tripoli signed treaty, end tribute • U.S. destroyed other pirate bases • Embargo Act (1807) ended trade to stop British & French attacks on ships - Americans lost jobs - repealed in 1809 - attacks continued

11. C12.7-8 Dilemma 3: What Should President Madison Do to Protect Sailors and Settlers?

12. Problems • British & French attacking U.S. trade ships • British impressing Americans • Madison considered war • New Englanders & Federalists against war - trade with Britain • South & West favored war - Indians attacked settlers with British guns • War Hawks for war - want Canada - want to stand up to British

13. Actions (War of 1812) • Congress declared war on Britain (1812) • U.S. tried to take Canada; failed • British burned D.C. • British attacked Fort McHenry; failed - Francis Scott Key wrote poem; later national anthem • U.S. defeated 7500 British at New Orleans • Peace treaty signed 2 weeks earlier (Treaty of Ghent, 1815)

14. Results - War of 1812 • Neither side won • Indian resistance weakened; leave Ohio • National pride grew • Federalist Party weakened • Two war generals later become presidents: • William Henry Harrison • Andrew Jackson

15. C12.9-10 Dilemma 4: What Should President Monroe Do to Support the New Latin American Nations?

16. Problems • Miguel Hidalgo led Mexican Rev. against Spain • 1821 Mexico won independence • Simon Bolivar & Jose de San Martin led revolutions against Spain in South America • 1825, last Spanish troops left Latin America • U.S. supported revolutions • Some Europeans wanted to help Spain get land back • Monroe wondered

17. Actions • Monroe made speech to Congress • Announced his policy called “Monroe Doctrine” • Warned Europeans stay out of Latin America • U.S. would stop them • U.S. wanted to be dominant influence in Americas • Showed world U.S. was strong; confident