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Republic to Empire

Republic to Empire. Disorder in the Republic. Military becomes less disciplined and disloyal Soldiers recruited from the poor; show loyalty only to their generals Riots increased Massive migration to the city. Julius Caesar. Military leader Julius Caesar is elected consul in 59 B.C.

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Republic to Empire

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  1. Republic to Empire

  2. Disorder in the Republic Military becomes less disciplined and disloyal • Soldiers recruited from the poor; show loyalty only to their generals • Riots increased • Massive migration to the city

  3. Julius Caesar • Military leader Julius Caesar is elected consul in 59 B.C. • Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey form a triumvirate—a group of three leaders. • Military victories give Caesar increasing popularity and power. • Pompey fears Caesar’s growing power and challenges him. • Caesar defeats Pompey’s armies in Greece, Asia, Spain, and Egypt • Caesar is named dictator for life in 44 B.C.

  4. Julius Caesar Love to Hate Him • Caesar makes reforms: grants wider citizenship, creates jobs for the poor, and creates calendar. • Group of senators opposes Caesar and murders him on March 15, 44 B.C.

  5. Rome Becomes an Empire • 43 B.C. Caesar’s supporters take control; become Second Triumvirate: Octavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus alliance ends in jealousy and violence. • In 31 B.C. Mark Antony and Cleopatra’s forces are defeated at Actium • Octavian accepts title of Augustus, “exalted one,” - Roman Empire begins

  6. Rome’s Accomplishments • Draw the following chart on the WOW side of your ISN

  7. Science • Calendar • Studied plants and animals for farming • Studied the body to improve medicine - Galen studied the heart and noted differences between arteries and veins; described the aorta as "a trunk divided into many branches and twigs" that nourished the body.

  8. History of the Capillary Wall

  9. Engineering • Cement – mix of lime and volcanic ash and rock • Durable roads b/c of layers • Strong bridges • Aqueducts to move water • Combined arches to create vaults (support roof of building)

  10. Arches • The design of the arch allowed the weight of buildings to be evenly distributed along various supports, preventing massive Roman structures like the Colosseum from crumbling under their own weight.

  11. Aqueduct • The Romans enjoyed many amenities for their day, including public toilets, underground sewage systems, fountains and ornate public baths. None of these aquatic innovations would have been possible without the Roman aqueduct.

  12. The Pantheon

  13. Vault • A vault was a combination of arches used to create huge, open spaces within buildings

  14. Architecture • Copied Greek designs - columns, marble • Colosseum • mosaics and paintings (frescoes) • Portraits • Sculptures

  15. Literature & Language • Aeneid by Virgil • Ovid – Roman mythology poems • Horace – poems about enjoying life • Wrote histories, speeches, dramas • Wrote in Latin • Spoke ROMANCE languages – Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese,

  16. Law • greatest influence on the US today • Create civil law, or written law • Tripartite (three parts)

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