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Animals are multi-cellularAnimals are organizedAnimals show movement at some point in their livesAn animal has a support systemAn animal needs nutritionAnimals reproduce. What is an Animal?. . Body Plan Arrangement. Asymmetrical: An arrangement of body parts that can't be divided into corresp
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1. Kingdom Animalia By Mr. Mangino
2. What is an Animal?
3. Body Plan Arrangement Asymmetrical: An arrangement of body parts that can’t be divided into corresponding sections
Spherical Symmetry: Round or Oval
Radial Symmetry: Body parts are arranged around a central point
Bilateral Symmetry: Half of the body is a mirror image of the other half.
Dorsal, Ventral, Posterior, Anterior
4. Types of Symmetry
5. Major Animal Phyla Invertebrates: Do not have a backbone
Phylum Porifera: “pore -bearers”….sponges
Phylum Cnidaria: “hollow gut”..(stinging)
Phylum Platyhelminthes: “flat worms”
Phylum Nematoda: “round worms”
Phylum Annelidae: “segmented worms”
Phylum Mollusca: “soft-bodied”
Phylum Echinodermata: “spiny-skinned”
Phylum Arthropoda: “jointed appendages”
Phylum Chordata: Contains three subphyla
SubPhylum Urochordata
SubPhylum Cephalochordata
SubPhylum Vertebrata: Animals with a backbone
7. Phylum Porifera: “pore bearers” The simplest of all animals
Cellular level of organization
Asymmetrical or radial symmetry
8. Sponge Characteristics Digestion: Filter feeders
Incurrent pore
Collar cells (choanocytes)
Amoebocytes
Osculum
Gastrovascular cavity
Skeletal System:
Spicules:
Calcium Carbonate
Silicon Dioxide
Spongin
9. Sponge Structure
10. Spicules
11. Sponge Characteristics Reproduction: (Hermaphrodites)
Sexual: Internal fertilization using carrier cells. Flagellated larva
Asexual: Regeneration and fragmentation
12. Phylum Cnidaria: “hollow gut/stinging” Tissue level of organization
Radial Symmetry
One opening
Polyp form
Medusa form
13. Class Hydrazoa The common Hydra: A freshwater organism
14. Hydra Digestion: Nematocyts or coiled stingers paralyze prey and the tentacles pull it into the gastrovascular cavity
Digestive enzymes break down the food (extracellular)
Wastes are expelled through the mouth
Movement: A hydra will move through a series of summersaults. This process is called tumbling.
Nervous System: The hydra has a simple nerve net that allows for some response and coordination. The hydra shows no cephalization.
15. Hydra Respiration: Individual cells diffuse oxygen from the surrounding water
Reproduction:
Sexual: Hydra are hermaphrodites that usually reproduce in the fall. Sperm will swim to another hydra and fertilization will take place. Eventually young hydra will fall off and emerge in the spring.
Asexual: Budding
16. Hydra Anatomy
17. Hydra - Budding
18. Class Scyphozoa: “cup animals” The scyphozoans have a life cycle in which they can be found in the medusa or polyp form
Medusa: Sexual and motile
Polyp: Asexual and sessile
20. Class Anthazoa: “flowering animals” Examples:
*Sea anemones are marine polyps that feed on fish and crabs
*Corals live in symbiosis with algae
22. What is a Coelom? A Coelom is a mesodermally derived and lined body cavity between the gut and body wall
23. The three Germ Layers Ectoderm: Forms the epidermis of the skin, nervous system, nose & mouth lining, tooth enamel, hair and nails
Mesoderm: Skeletal, muscular, excretory, circulatory and reproductive systems
Endoderm: Digestive, respiratory system, liver and pancreas
3 processes that occur after fertilization
1. Cell division
2. Morphogenesis
3. Differentiation
25. Three Types of Organisms Acoelomate: An organism with no body cavity
Psuedocoelomate: Body cavity incompletely lined with mesodermal derivative
Coelomate: Body Cavity completely lined with mesodermal derivative
26. Comparison of body plans
27. Phylum Platyhelminthes“flatworms” Acoelomate
Organ system level
One opening
Systems: Nervous, Digestive, Reproductive, Excretory
No circulatory or respiratory system
Bilateral Symmetry: Sets the stage for cephalization
Early flatworms used “head” to burrow in the sand
Sensory structures thus needed in anterior region
28. Class Turbellaria: “Free-living” The Planaria
Common FW Species
Free living
Nervous System
Eyespots
Head region with Ganglia:
“A bundle of nerves used for stimulus and response”
Sensitive to touch and light.
29. A Common Planaria
30. Planaria: Cont. Digestion: Feeds on dead or slow moving organisms
Pulls food into gastrovascular cavity using pharynx
Enzymes digest food and nutrients diffuse into cells
Waste pass out pharynx
Flame cells: Expell excess water and liquid waste
Reproduction: Hermaphrodites
Sexual: Mutual exchange of sperm. Fertilized eggs
get released in a capsule
Asexual: Regeneration and fission
31. Class Trematoda: “The Flukes” Parasitic: Live on host’s fluids
Simplified or no digestive system
Reduced nervous system
Reduced motility (or none)
Complex reproduction and life cycles
Ectoparasite: Outside the host
Endoparasite: Inside the host
33. Fluke Anatomy Lung Fluke:
paragonimus westermani
Chinese Liver Fluke
clonorchis sinensis
Schistosomiasis
Infect intestinal blood vessels
“swimmers itch”