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Kingdom Animalia

Animals are multi-cellularAnimals are organizedAnimals show movement at some point in their livesAn animal has a support systemAn animal needs nutritionAnimals reproduce. What is an Animal?. . Body Plan Arrangement. Asymmetrical: An arrangement of body parts that can't be divided into corresp

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Kingdom Animalia

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    1. Kingdom Animalia By Mr. Mangino

    2. What is an Animal?

    3. Body Plan Arrangement Asymmetrical: An arrangement of body parts that can’t be divided into corresponding sections Spherical Symmetry: Round or Oval Radial Symmetry: Body parts are arranged around a central point Bilateral Symmetry: Half of the body is a mirror image of the other half. Dorsal, Ventral, Posterior, Anterior

    4. Types of Symmetry

    5. Major Animal Phyla Invertebrates: Do not have a backbone Phylum Porifera: “pore -bearers”….sponges Phylum Cnidaria: “hollow gut”..(stinging) Phylum Platyhelminthes: “flat worms” Phylum Nematoda: “round worms” Phylum Annelidae: “segmented worms” Phylum Mollusca: “soft-bodied” Phylum Echinodermata: “spiny-skinned” Phylum Arthropoda: “jointed appendages” Phylum Chordata: Contains three subphyla SubPhylum Urochordata SubPhylum Cephalochordata SubPhylum Vertebrata: Animals with a backbone

    7. Phylum Porifera: “pore bearers” The simplest of all animals Cellular level of organization Asymmetrical or radial symmetry

    8. Sponge Characteristics Digestion: Filter feeders Incurrent pore Collar cells (choanocytes) Amoebocytes Osculum Gastrovascular cavity Skeletal System: Spicules: Calcium Carbonate Silicon Dioxide Spongin

    9. Sponge Structure

    10. Spicules

    11. Sponge Characteristics Reproduction: (Hermaphrodites) Sexual: Internal fertilization using carrier cells. Flagellated larva Asexual: Regeneration and fragmentation

    12. Phylum Cnidaria: “hollow gut/stinging” Tissue level of organization Radial Symmetry One opening Polyp form Medusa form

    13. Class Hydrazoa The common Hydra: A freshwater organism

    14. Hydra Digestion: Nematocyts or coiled stingers paralyze prey and the tentacles pull it into the gastrovascular cavity Digestive enzymes break down the food (extracellular) Wastes are expelled through the mouth Movement: A hydra will move through a series of summersaults. This process is called tumbling. Nervous System: The hydra has a simple nerve net that allows for some response and coordination. The hydra shows no cephalization.

    15. Hydra Respiration: Individual cells diffuse oxygen from the surrounding water Reproduction: Sexual: Hydra are hermaphrodites that usually reproduce in the fall. Sperm will swim to another hydra and fertilization will take place. Eventually young hydra will fall off and emerge in the spring. Asexual: Budding

    16. Hydra Anatomy

    17. Hydra - Budding

    18. Class Scyphozoa: “cup animals” The scyphozoans have a life cycle in which they can be found in the medusa or polyp form Medusa: Sexual and motile Polyp: Asexual and sessile

    20. Class Anthazoa: “flowering animals” Examples: *Sea anemones are marine polyps that feed on fish and crabs *Corals live in symbiosis with algae

    22. What is a Coelom? A Coelom is a mesodermally derived and lined body cavity between the gut and body wall

    23. The three Germ Layers Ectoderm: Forms the epidermis of the skin, nervous system, nose & mouth lining, tooth enamel, hair and nails Mesoderm: Skeletal, muscular, excretory, circulatory and reproductive systems Endoderm: Digestive, respiratory system, liver and pancreas 3 processes that occur after fertilization 1. Cell division 2. Morphogenesis 3. Differentiation

    25. Three Types of Organisms Acoelomate: An organism with no body cavity Psuedocoelomate: Body cavity incompletely lined with mesodermal derivative Coelomate: Body Cavity completely lined with mesodermal derivative

    26. Comparison of body plans

    27. Phylum Platyhelminthes “flatworms” Acoelomate Organ system level One opening Systems: Nervous, Digestive, Reproductive, Excretory No circulatory or respiratory system Bilateral Symmetry: Sets the stage for cephalization Early flatworms used “head” to burrow in the sand Sensory structures thus needed in anterior region

    28. Class Turbellaria: “Free-living” The Planaria Common FW Species Free living Nervous System Eyespots Head region with Ganglia: “A bundle of nerves used for stimulus and response” Sensitive to touch and light.

    29. A Common Planaria

    30. Planaria: Cont. Digestion: Feeds on dead or slow moving organisms Pulls food into gastrovascular cavity using pharynx Enzymes digest food and nutrients diffuse into cells Waste pass out pharynx Flame cells: Expell excess water and liquid waste Reproduction: Hermaphrodites Sexual: Mutual exchange of sperm. Fertilized eggs get released in a capsule Asexual: Regeneration and fission

    31. Class Trematoda: “The Flukes” Parasitic: Live on host’s fluids Simplified or no digestive system Reduced nervous system Reduced motility (or none) Complex reproduction and life cycles Ectoparasite: Outside the host Endoparasite: Inside the host

    33. Fluke Anatomy Lung Fluke: paragonimus westermani Chinese Liver Fluke clonorchis sinensis Schistosomiasis Infect intestinal blood vessels “swimmers itch”

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