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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System. Circulatory System. Transport System Oxygen Nutrients CO2 Blood is circulated through the body via vessels & pumped by the heart. Heart. Begins to beat at 4 wks in utero Beats an average of 50 – 100 times a minute (called?)

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System

  2. Circulatory System • Transport System • Oxygen • Nutrients CO2 • Blood is circulated through the body via vessels & pumped by the heart

  3. Heart • Begins to beat at 4 wks in utero • Beats an average of 50 – 100 times a minute (called?) • Weighs less than 1 pound & big as the human fist • Contracts about 100,000 times a day • Pumps the equivalent of 2000 gallons of blood through the body • What cavity is the heart located?

  4. Heart • Made of 3 layers • Pericardium – double layer membrane that covers the heart • Myocardium – thickest layer & the muscualar middle layer • Endocardium – innermost cells of smooth muscle that lines the heart & blood vessels • Septum – muscular wall that separates the heart into right & left

  5. Atrium & Ventricles Heart is divided into 4 chambers. The upper chambers are atrium The lower chambers are ventricles

  6. Flow of Blood • Right Atrium received De-oxygenated blood from the body (Superior & Inferior Vena Cava) • Blood then flows through the Triscupid Valve to the Right Ventricle • De-oxygenated blood is then taken to the lungs by the Pulmonary Artery • O2 & CO2 are exchanged in the lungs • Oxygenated blood is taken back heart by the Pulmonary Vein • Oxygenated blood enters the Left Atrium • Travels through the Mitral Valve to the Left Ventricle • Blood goes to the body via the Aorta through the aortic valve

  7. Cardiac Cycle • Is the sequence of events in one heartbeat • Systole – Heart at work • Diastole – Heart at rest • Atrium – Systole / Ventricles – Diastole & vice versa • http://anatimation.com/cardiac/intro.htm

  8. Electrophysiology of the Heart • SA (sinoatrial) node – Pacemaker • AV node – located in the lower interatrial septum • Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle) • Purkinje fibers

  9. CV Disorders • Myocardial Infarction – Death of part of the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen; often the result of an obstruction • Symptoms • Pain radiating up to jaw &/or down arm • Chest Pain (“Elephant sitting on the chest”) • Weakness or lightheadedness • SOB (Shortness of Breath) • Women may have different symptoms!

  10. Heart Murmurs • Heart Murmur - Abnormal or extra sound caused by a malfunctioning heart valve • Mitral valve regurge – heard on Systole • Stenosis - Congenital • Damaged Heart Valve • Rheumatic Heart Fever

  11. Hypertension (HTN) • Stage 1 • Stage 2 • Essential Hypertension – no specific cause • Physical responses to HTN • HA • Blurred vision • Long term effects • Weakness of arteries (lead to aneurysms) • Left Ventricular hypertrophy

  12. HTN Cont. • Prevention • Exercise • Lose weight • Reduce salt intake • Contributing behaviors: • Smoking • Obesity • Stress

  13. Shock • Cardiogenic Shock – • Usually after severe MI or V fib • The heart does not pump & CO decreases • Hypovolemic shock • Decreased blood volume • Heart does not have enough blood to pump • Due to hemorrhage, extreme dehydration • Septic shock • Result of presence of bacteria in blood (septicemia) • Causes the vessels to vasodialate & plasma goes into tissue

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