PARTICIPLES

1. PARTICIPLES

2. a) -"ing"ile (Etken Yapı) b) V3 (Edilgen Yapı) c) Having + V3 (Perfect Yapı) Examples: It was a boring meeting. We were all bored. Having attended the meeting, we left the room.

3. PRESENT PARTICIPLES AS AN ADJECTIVE WITH ACTIVE SENSE It was really an interesting film.running water a floating wreckage dripping tapsgrowing crops a crying babyboiling water burning candle a working mother

4. PRESENT PARTICIPLES INSTEAD OF "WHILE" SENTENCES Reading short stories to my daughter, I always remember my own childhood. (While I am reading short stories to my daughter, I always remember my own childhood.)

5. PRESENT PARTICIPLES INSTEAD OF "BECAUSE/AS/SINCE" SENTENCES Living in Ankara for several years, I know most of the places. (Since I have lived in Ankara for several years, I know most ofthe places). Not being waited long enough, the bus was missed. (Because the bus wasn't waited long enough, it was missed)

6. PRESENT PARTICIPLES INSTEAD OF "BY DOING" SENTENCES He was walking along the river singing. Or Singing, he was walking along the river. She-entered the room shouting. Putting on a serious face; she began to tell the story.

7. PRESENT PARTICIPLES INSTEAD OF "AS SOON AS" SENTENCES The man opened the drawer and took out a' revolver. (Opening the drawer, the man took out a revolver.) We took off our shoes and entered the mosque. (Taking off our shoes, we entered the mosque.)

8. PRESENT PARTICIPLES INSTEAD OF "BY DOING" SENTENCES The policeman fired his gun and he wounded one of the bandits. (The policeman fired his gun, wounding one of the bandits.) or Firing his gun, the policeman wounded one of the bandits. I fell, striking my head against the door, (Falling, I struck my head against the door.)

9. PRESENT PARTICIPLES INSTEAD OF RELATIVE CLAUSES A man carrying a large parcel got out of the bus. (A man who was carrying a large parcel got out of the bus.) Romeo, believing that Juliet was dead, decided to kill himself. (Romeo, who believed that Juliet was dead, decided to kill himself)

10. PAST PARTICIPLES AS AN ADJECTIVE WITH PASSIVE SENSE. a broken glass paid bills a known criminal missed opportunities stolen money fallen trees a written report

11. PAST PARTICIPLES INSTEAD OF "BY BEİNG DONE" She entered the concert hall. She was accompanied by her mother. (Accompanied by her mother, she entered the concert hall.) (She entered the concert hall, accompanied by her mother.)

12. PAST PARTICIPLES INSTEAD OF AS/SINCE/BECAUSE Convinced that they were trying to poison him, he refused to eat anything. (Since he was convinced that they were trying to poison him he refused to eat anything).

13. PAST PARTICIPLES INSTEAD OF "IF CLAUSES" If asked tactfully, George never refuses to help. (If George is asked tactfully, he never refuses to help.)

14. PAST PARTICIPLES INSTEAD OF "RELATIVE CLAUSES" The people kidnapped were found dead. (The people who had been kidnapped were found dead.) Tom, HORRIFIED at what he had done, could at first say nothing. (Tom, who was horrified at what he had done, could at first say nothing.)

15. PERFECT PARTICIPLES NEGATIVE Not having seen him for ages, it is not easy for us to recognize him at a glance. (Because we haven't seen him for ages/ it is not easy for us to recognize him at a glance.) Not having been paid as much as they demanded, the workers will go on a strike. (Since the workers haven't been paid asmuch as they demanded, they will go on a strike.)

16. PAST PARTICIPLES PASSIVE Having been warned about the bandits, he left his valuables at home. (As he had been warned about the bandits, he left his valuables at home.) Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up. (Because the postman had been bitten twice, he refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.)

17. OTHER FORM OFPARTICIPLES WITH VERBS OF PERCEPTION feel, smell, hear, watch, see, observe, listen. I have heard him singing his last song. I smelled the milk burning. I saw him booking seats.

18. OTHER FORM OFPARTICIPLES WITH THE VERBS"Leave, Keep, Catch, Find, Discover" I found Sam doing his homework. Mrs. Brown caught her daughter reading her old letters in the bedroom. Do not keep the engine running when you leave the car.

19. OTHER FORM OF PARTICIPLES WITH CAUSATIVE VERBS She doesn't get me wasting my time and money. She got the house painted again.

20. OTHER FORM OFPARTICIPLES WITH DIFFERENT SUBJECTS The day being fine, we decided to go swimming. (As the day was fine, we decided to go swimming.) Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. (Since nobody had any more to say, the meeting was closed.) All the money having been spent, we started to look for work. (Since all the money had been spent, we started looking for work.)

21. OTHER FORM OF PARTICIPLES PARTICIPLES THAT CAN BE USED EITHER before OR after NOUNS Affected, chosen, interested, resulting, infected, stolen, broken, identified, remaining. Rub the area infected with this cream. (Rub the infected area with this cream.)

22. PARTICIPLES WITH CONJUNCTIONS (REDUCED ADVERBIAL CLAUSES) WITH THE ADVERBS“while/although/though/even though" While understanding her problem, I don't know what I can do to help her. Although questioned by the police, they said nothing

23. PARTICIPLES WITH CONJUNCTIONS WITH "WHILE/AS/WHEN" While walking down the street, I ran into one of my old friends. When digging in his rear garden, Mr. Thomas found the coins. WİTH "SİNCE" Since moving to London we haven't had time to go to the theatre. She's been quite different since coming back from America

24. PARTICIPLES WITH CONJUNCTIONS WITH "WHEN" When told the news, the President was on holiday in Spain. You have to take anti-malarial tablets when visiting certain countries in Africa. WITH "ON/UPON" John wrote to the French Embassy ON/UPON returning from Paris. ON/UPON being introduced to somebody, a British person often shakes hands.

25. PARTICIPLES WITH CONJUNCTIONS WITH "IN" In criticizing her behavior, I knew I would offend her. In trying to open the door, I broke the key. WITH "ONCE" Once deprived of oxygen, the brain dies. Once starting to talk about politics, he never stops.

26. PARTICIPLES WITH CONJUNCTIONS WITH "WITH" With Jennifer living very far from here, we don't see her very often. With the final exams approaching, I was starting to get nervous. WITH "BESIDES" Besides attending (the) university, he was also working in a petrol station. Besides working as the manager's secretary, she also gives classes in English.

27. PARTICIPLES WITH CONJUNCTIONS WITH “IF" If used economically, one tin will last for at least 6 weeks. If searched more carefully, the evidences of the crime could have been found.

28. PARTICIPLES WITH CONJUNCTIONS WITH "AS SOON AS" As soon as having seen her, come and tell me. She telephoned me as soon as speaking to Jim. WITH "AS" You have to do it as suggested. As ordered, the troops shelled the city for hours.

29. PARTICIPLES WITH CONJUNCTIONS WITH "AS IF/AS THOUGH" She looked as if crying. He fell down as though shot. WITH "UNTIL" You have to work overtime until finishing this project! Until turned into a restaurant, this building was used as a hostel.

30. PARTICIPLES WITH CONJUNCTIONS BEING + V3 Mr. Smith felt cheerful after being told about the election results. (Smith felt cheerful after he was told about the election results.) The people in the disaster area had to live in their tents BEFORE being given their cottages. (The people in the disaster area had to wait in their tents before they were given their cottages.)

31. PARTICIPLES USED INSTEAD OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES INSTEAD OF "WHILE/AS/WHEN Walking round the museum, I saw two large skeletons. (While I was walking round the museum, I saw two large skeletons.) Leaving the library, John met Betty. (As John was leaving the library, he met Betty.) Arriving at the party, we saw Ruth standing alone. (When we arrived at the party, we saw Ruth standing alone.) Glancing over his shoulder, he could see the dog chasing him. (When he glanced over his shoulder, he could see the dog chasing him.)

32. PARTICIPLES USED INSTEAD OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES INSTEAD OF ''AS/SINCE/BECAUSE" Being faced with a bill for £ 10.000, John has taken an extra job. (Because John was faced with a bill for £ 10.000, he has taken an extra job.) Being imported, the radios were expensive. (Since the radios were imported, they were expensive.) Not knowing what to do, I telephoned the police. (Because I didn't know what to do, I telephoned the police.) Not wanting to wake her, Steve left the house silently. (As Steve didn't want to wake her, he left the house silently.)

33. PARTICIPLES USED INSTEAD OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES INSTEAD OF "AFTER" Putting down my newspaper, I walked over to the window and looked out. (After I had put down my newspaper, I walked over put down to the window and looked out.) Having paid the bill, I left the restaurant. (After I had paid the bill, I left the restaurant.)

34. PARTICIPLES WITH CONJUNCTIONS INSTEAD OF "IF (Passive Sentence) Made redundant, what would you do? (If you were made redundant, what would you do?) Not arrested, he would have tried to leave the country. (If he hadn't been arrested, he would have tried to leave the country.)

35. IDIOMATIC USE OF PARTICIPLES STRICTLY SPEAKING, she isn't talented enough for the post. CONSIDERING EVERYTHING, we have to save up millions of liras. GENERALLY SPEAKING, women can cook better than men. TAKING EVERYTHING INTO CONSIDERATION, the minister should not be blamed for the undesired event. BROADLY SPEAKING, English is an international language in this communication age. JUDGING FROM HER EXPRESSION, she has been suffering from a serious pain in her stomach.

36. EXERCISE • Use the appropriate form of the pronoun (in parentheses). • 1 It wasn't until a week later that we heard the real reason for (him, his) resigning from the club. • 2 The Petersons complained about (us, our) cutting across their front lawn. • 3 We laughed when we saw (him, his) dancing the samba. • 4 I caught a glimpse of (you, your) washing the front window. • 5 (Us, Our) missing the bus meant missing the first act. • 6 What annoyed us most was (him, his) constant interrupting. • 7 It is hard to imagine (him, Tim's) riding a bronco. • 8 ( Him, His) copying my answers got us both into trouble. • 9 After (you, your) suggesting a picnic, I certainly expected you to go with us. • 10 It was his attitude rather than (him, his) complaining that made me angry.

37. THE END