Entering the World Stage 1898-1917

1. Entering the World Stage1898-1917 Chapter 7

2. Off the bat: Friday • Does the United States have an “empire?” • What is “imperialism?”

3. Objective and Agenda • 1. Check 7.1 Homework • 2. Go over Chapter 7 schedule • 3. Imperialism Frayer model • 4. Imperialism graphic organizer • 5. Start “White Man’s Burden” with extra time

4. Section 1 The Lure of imperialism

5. Alaska • US first effort at expansion of empire. • Bought from Struggling Russian nation. • Seward, sec of state, of Andrew Johnson buys for 7.2 million for fur, timber, metals. • Seward’s Folly, Seward’s Icebox • Gold and Oil!!!

6. Imperialism • Creating an empire – why? • Economics • New markets • Raw materials • Military • Fueling stations • Ideology • Prestige/Nationalism • Social Darwinism • Christianity.

7. Hawaii • Coaling station, naval base. • Captain Cook • Sugar Interests increases American influence. • Tax Free sugar a Catch-22

8. Hawaii • Hawaiian League • Pearl Harbor for renewal of sugar treaty. • Bayonet Constitution • Revocation of the treaty

9. Queen “Lily” • Wanted to restore the monarchy’s power. • Business owners conspire. • America supports rebels. • Surrender • Dole becomes President of Republic of Hawaii

10. Annexation • President Cleveland orders investigation. • Restore Lily? • McKinley favors annexation. • 1993 apology

11. China • Hawaii helpful to get to China. • British forced them to open trade. • Sphere of Influences • Open Door Policy

12. Boxer Rebellion • Antiforeigner sentiments in China. • Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists. • Open Door Policy seemed more desirable.

13. Japan • Commodore Perry & Edo Bay • Show the Japanese how strong we were! • Trade with US • Modernization • Russo-Japanese War • Teddy & Portsmouth • Great White Fleet

14. Section 2 The Spanish American War

15. Unrest in Cuba • Spain lost all WH colonies except Cuba and Puerto Rico • Cubans resent • Jose Marti – exile in NY • Revolt in Feb 1895 • Marti dies • Weyler sent to subdue • Camps • “Butcher”

16. Americans Get War Fever • Cuban Rev = Am Rev? • Outrage at Weyler • Yellow Journalism • W R Hearst (Citizen Kane) • Joseph Pulitzer • Journal favored Cubans • Won’t use Spanish sources • World abandoned objectivity.

17. The USS Maine • Drumbeat for War in media. • Pictures of Spanish Cruelty. • DeLome letter leaked • Maine exploded • Spain blamed • McKinley insists on Spain giving Cuba independence • They refuse…now there’s war.

18. War in the Philippines • T Roosevelt secretly sent Dewey to stand by in Philippines. • Manila Bay • Emilio Aguinaldo, rebel leader • Quick victory

19. War in Cuba • Teller Amendment • US not prepared. • Woolen uniforms • Canned Beef • Volunteers • Rough Riders • Kettle and San Juan Hill • Medal of Honor

20. Consequences of War • Spain: Give up all claims to Cuba and cede Puerto Rico and Guam to US. • Philippines to US for $20 Million. • “Splendid Little War” • Costly • Imperial Power

21. Annexing the Philippines • For: • “educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize them and Christianize them” • St. Louis World’s Fair • Economic Routes • Keep it before others take it.

22. Annexing the Philippines • Against • Violates ideal of self-government • African Americans worried about exporting oppression to the Philippines • Hurt Workers?

23. Annexation • Occurred on Feb 6 1899 • Filipinos rebel against U.S. • Concessions made over time • 1946 – Philippines gets independence.

24. Section 3 Roosevelt and Latin America

25. Cuba and Puerto Rico • McKinley sets up military governments • Leonard Wood, Cuba. • Yellow Fever • Walter Reed, William Gorgas • Platt Amendment • Guantanamo Bay • Protectorate status • Cuba accepts, later withdraws Platt

26. Puerto Rico • Territory, not Protectorate • Foraker Act • 1917 – Citizenship • Shared Power now.

27. Panama Canal • Getting around the Americas is taking forever! • French try first…fail. • Hay wants land in Colombia, their Senate wouldn’t cooperate. • TR supports Panamanian rebels. • Recognizes Panamanian independence. • US got sovereignty over Canal Zone.

28. Building the Canal • Harsh Conditions, Labor shortages, supply shortages and Yellow Fever. • Malaria problem. • USS Ancon finally goes through.

29. Panama Canal

30. Panama Canal

31. Panama Canal

32. Roosevelt Corollary • Monroe Doctrine • Dominican Rep. can’t pay back Euro loans • “International Police Power” • Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick.

33. Taft and Wilson • Taft: Dollar Diplomacy • “buy out” European interests. • Wilson: Moral Diplomacy • American ideals

34. Section 4 Wilson and Mexico

35. The Diaz Dictatorship • Portfiro Diaz • Brought Order to Mexico • Oppressive Means • Jailing opponents • No Freedom of Speech • Army Presence • Increased Production, Railroads, Cotton • Wealth Concentrated with few…many in poverty.

36. Overthrowing Diaz • 1910 Election • Jailed Opponent Madero • Madero Flees • Declares Self Pres • Calls for Revolution!

37. Mexican Revolution • Zapata and the Zapatistas (N.Amer) • Pancho Villa – Northern Mexico • 1911, Diaz resigns and goes into exile.

38. Shaky Leadership • Madero President • Democracy basically a failure. • Huerta disloyal • Overthrows Madero • Executes Madero • Names self President • 4 Armies rise up.

39. US Intervenes • Wilson did not view Huerta as legit • Sold weapons to his enemies • Watchful Waiting.

40. Tampico Incident • USS Dolphin • Sailors Arrested • Released Unharmed • Apology from Mexico • U.S. wants 21 gun salute. • Armed Force

41. Veracruz • German ship w/ weapons to Mexico • Battle of Veracruz • US occupation • No War…

42. Revolution Continues • Villa, Zapata, Carranza all see selves as leaders of revolution. • Wilson supports Carranza. • Villa strikes Columbus, NM kills 17.

43. Villa v. NM • Pershing sends 10,000 to Mexico • 150,000 troops at Mexican border • WWI “distracts” • Mexican economy in shambles.