Using Verbs: Principal Parts, Tense, and Forms

1. Using Verbs: Principal Parts, Tense, and Forms 7th English Unit 6 Ch. 22

2. Principal Parts • Each verb has four principal parts: • Present—walk • Present participle—(am) walking • Past—walked • Past participle—(have/has) walked • These principal parts are used to make verb tenses and forms

3. Regular Verbs • A verb is “regular” if it follows the rule or pattern • To form the past and past participle of regular verbs add -ed or -d to the present form.

4. Irregular Verbs • Verbs are irregular if the past and past participle are NOT formed by adding -ed or -d to the end of the present form • Pages 357-358 give examples of these irregular verbs

5. Tense • Verb tense—the form of a verb that shows when something happens or when something exists • Principal parts used for each tense: • Present principal part=present and future tense • Present participle principal part=progressive form • Past principal part=past tense • Past participle principal part=perfect tenses

8. Helpful Hints: • If a verb contains the words “have” or “has” it will ALWAYS be present perfect • If a verb contains the word “had” it will ALWAYS be past perfect

9. Progressive Form • Every tense has a progressive form • If a verb ends in –ing then it is in the progressive form • Progressive form= a form of the verb “be” + the present participle principal part of the verb • Ex: am walking

12. Troublesome Verbs • Ain’t—do NOT use itsay “am not” or “is not” • Did/done—only use “done” if you use “have,” “had,” or “has” before it (it needs a helping verb) • Ex: Incorrect—I already done my homework. • Ex: Correct—I have already done my homework.

13. Troublesome Verbs • Gone/went—use “gone” with “have,” has,” or “had,” don’t use “went” with those words • Principal parts of “go:” go—going—went—(have) gone • Ex: Incorrect—We should have went. • Ex: Correct—We should have gone.

14. Troublesome Verbs • Have, of—be careful not to write “should of” when you really mean “should have” • Lay/lie • lay—object Principal parts: lay, laying, laid, (have) laid • lie—person Principal parts: lie, lying, lay, (have) lain

15. Troublesome Verbs • Raise/Rise • Raise—usually refers to an object and has a direct object. • It means “to lift upward,” “to build something,” “to grow something,” “to increase something” • Principal parts: raise, raising, raised, (have) raised • Rise—usually refers to a person • It means “to get up,” “to go up,” “to be increased” • Principal parts: rise, rising, rose, (have) risen

16. Troublesome Verbs • Saw—past tense/ past principal part of “see” Seen—only use with “have,” “had,” or “has” Ex: Incorrect—I seen the painting. Ex: Correct—I have seen the painting.

17. Troublesome Verbs • Set/Sit • Set—refers to an object ‘ • Principal parts: set, setting, set, (have) set • Ex: She set the book on the table. • Sit—refers to a person • Principal parts: sit, sitting, sat, (have) sat • Ex: She will sit in the chair.